We need data regarding production of organic manure from animal waste.
Actually in Kolkata , INDIA a very useful project of solid waste management has been made . Ist processing is screening and then digestion and finally bagging. Fertilizer It is basically N,P, K type fertilizer .
Chicken manure can be converted into organic fertilizer. Chicken manure contains high nitrogen, a good amount of potassium and phosphorus and balanced nutrients, which makes it have the highest nutrient among all livestock and poultry. However if not composed properly, chicken poop is also dangerous to crops and plants because it could damage roots and possibly kill the plant. Without proper chicken manure management, the manure stinks, attracts rodents and files, and the ammonia is not healthy for your chickens to breath. Read the article reference below ....... For more details consult https"//www.modernghana.com
Organic manure as compost produced from plant and animal waste within 90 to 180 days and vermicompost produced by earth warm species like Eisenia fotida,Pyronoxy excavata ,Eudilus eugenia within 45 to 60 days.
Make a bin in ground. Compost bins are of two types, stationary and rotating. Both types must have their contents turned periodically to provide oxygen and combine the decaying materials. Stationary binscan be as simple as well-ventilated cage made from wire fence sections or wooden crates assembled from a kit. A well-designed bin will retain heat and moisture, allowing for quicker results. Then there’s compost tumblers easy to turn bins that speed up the process — compost in weeks, not months or years — by frequent oxygen infusions and heat retention. Select one based on how much plant matter (animal waste, grass, leaves, weeds, stalks and stems from last year’s garden) you have at your disposal, how large your yard is, and how quickly you need to use the finished product. If you find that your pile or bin is too wet, turn it, adding plenty of shredded newspaper or fall leaves as you do. These "browns" will soak up some of the excess moisture. Refrain from adding greens for a while, until the pile returns to a normal moisture level. If rain has been an issue, cover the pile with a tarp during rainy weather. If you find that it's too dry, simply give it a spray with the hose or watering can. Likewise, you can make a bit of a "well" in the top of your pile and add water to that -- the water will step down into the pile and moisten the contents at the center.When using the stationary bin method, locate the pile in a sunny location so that it has as much heat as possible. If it’s in the shade all day, decomposition will still happen, but it will be much slower, especially when freezing temps arrive in the fall. Compost tumblers can also take heat advantage of being placed in direct sunlight. A low-maintenance pile has a combination of brown and green plant matter, plus some moisture to keep the good bacteria humming. Shredded newspaper, wood chips and dry leaves are ideal for the brown elements; kitchen waste and grass clippings are perfect for the green add-ins.Animal waste is composed of organic matter which can be used for composting to make fertilizer. It is an effective and eco-friendly way of disposing food waste in your kitchen. By using leftovers and other food waste, you can convert these smelly items from the kitchen waste into a highly organic product rich in nutrients that you can use to grow vegetables or flowers with it.
Organic manure produce from plant and animal waste contain nitrogen 0.5 , phosphorus 0.2 , potassium 0.4 % along with all the essential plant nutrients compare to vermicompost contain about three times more NPK with essential nutrients along with hormone, enzyme, vitamin , antibiotics etc.which is more helpful sustainable soil fertility and productivity of crop in agriculture cultivation.
By co-composting animal waste ( rich in N, P and K) with plant material (having wide C:N ratio). This will help in lowering the C:N ratio of bulky material (necessary to initiate the microbiological decomposition process). The compost so prepared will be free from synthetic chemicals and can be used for organic farming
For details read
Int. BIodeterioration and Biodegradation 2014: 94: 90-97 (available on Research Gate)
Organic waste to fertilizer production line uses the organic waste as the raw material, such as organic waste, straw, excrement from people, livestock and poultry, cake meal, agricultural and sideline products and solid waste from food processing, then it is fermented, deodorized and thoroughly decomposed to be made fertilizer.
Equipment operation flow of organic waste to fertilizer production line
1. The raw material is accumulated and fermented.
The production of any kind of qualified and high-quality organic fertilizer must go through compost and fermentation.
2. Mixing and Crushing
Crushing machine includes semi-wet material crusher, chain crusher, hammer crusher, etc.; mixing machine includes double shafts horizontal mixer, horizontal mixer, single shaft mixer, etc.
3. Granulation
In the production of organic fertilizer, the choice of granulation method is very important. At present, there are mainly different ways, like disk type, drum type, extrusion type.
4. Drying
Most material have formed granules after granulation, but at this time the granules still need to be dried because their water content and strength can not reach the standard.
5. Cooling
The dried granules are sent to the cooler by the belt conveyor to cool to near the room temperature, so that the strength of the granules is improved and its water content is reduced.
6. Screening
Some powdery materials still exist in the cooled granules, so it is necessary to sieve out the fine powder and large particles, and then let them be processed by certain machines.
7. The final products should be coated, then a protective film are formed on the surface of particles to isolate from the outside air.
8. The qualified products are packed by automatic packaging scale.
This is done through the complete decomposition of raw material from animal waste.
What type of animal manure and for what type of crop?
For tree crop, it is not a must to compost. If the manure has very high moisture content (e.g. pig slurry or fresh cattle manure), then stock pile for moisture to reduce and then apply to your tree. It is important to note that animal wastes are best used as soil amendments than as 'fertilizer' to supply a particular nutrient. For instance, application of cattle manure to supply N requirement of a plant may lead to over application of P (P and N imbalance).
For vegetables (and similar crops), it is important to compost the waste to avoid the side effects (e.g. immobilization of soil N and competing for soil O2). However, you might loose some of your N during the composting process due to high pH and temperature.
Animal waste could be converted into a very good quality organic fertilizer by composting simply and or by vermicomposting with the help of earthworms.
Animal waste to be converted to organic fertilizer through composting, vermicompost . Compost contain about 0.5 % N,0.2 % P2O5,0.4% K20 and vermicompost contain about two to three times more N,P205,K2O along with all the essential plant nutrients and hormone, enzyme, vitamin, antibiotics etc. which is good for sustainable plant nutrition and soil fertility and productivity of crop and overcome environmental pollution.
through composting. your key element here is the C/N ratio which must not be high. the ratio 25-30:1 is the best for fast composting.
Combination of plant animals waste generally use for compost . Plant waste contain about 45 % carbon,43 % oxygen,6 % hydrogen,NPK Ca,Mg,S 5.8 %,micronutrients 0.2 %. Major animal waste generally cowdung use for compost manure production. Fresh cowdung of about seven days contain fungus like Trichoderma helpful for decomposition of compost . Generally,80% plant waste and 20% cowdung ideal for compositing process and about 90 to 180 days required for preparation of Compost as organic manure. Vermicompost as enriched organic manure production required earthworm species like Eisenia fotida, Udrilus euginea, Pyronoxy excavata . Generally,80 ,:20 plant waste and cowdung mixed with 60 to 80% water for about 15 days for decomposition and earth worm is initiated for about 30 days for vermicompost production .
You may be gone through the following articles:
Article Litter decomposition dynamics in Foothills Agroforestry Syst...
Article Litter decomposition dynamics in Foothills Agroforestry Syst...
Generally,animal manures such as poultry ,pig,goat,duck manures have low C/N ratios and can decompose faster than plant residues but the following steps must be followed 1 .collect fresh manures and stacked them,this is to allow release of ammonia gas which can choke the crops if applied directly 2. the organic forms of N,P,K ,Ca nutrients etc can not be taken up by crops without being mineralised 3.there is need to sort out from the decomposed residues foreign particles such as stones,wood residues to ensure good quality organic fertilizers 4 when they are to be applied, i will suggest that they should be applied to the soil, mix properly and allow for few days before planting crops,and this will support multiple cropping and improve both soil physical and chemical properties on long term basis which is the principle of soil fertilisation instead of applying to individual plants which is laborious and it is the principle of crop fertilisation 5.I will suggest that the solid animal manures can be converted to produce animal liquid fertilisers which are named poultry, pig ,goat tea or tonic fertilsers as shown in my various research works and thishad reduced problems of bulkiness ,messy nature of animal manures
Organic recycling through enriched organic manure like vermicompost along with synthetic chemical fertilizers in the agricultural cultivated
soil is essential to maintain carbon sequestration for soil microbial population essential in soil-clay-humus as amorphous dark brown colour compost of lignite carbon and
Protein as enzyme of microbial population which transform essential plant nutrients in ionic form through root hair for nutrition of plant a living systems of soil and store house of plant nutrients which maintain soil fertility and productivity of soil as ecology of surface of lithosphere of earth to provide food,fiber,fuel, shelter through evergreen revolution an essential process for the growing population of. Planet earth.
Actually in Kolkata , INDIA a very useful project of solid waste management has been made . Ist processing is screening and then digestion and finally bagging. Fertilizer It is basically N,P, K type fertilizer .
Organic recycling is process of organic manure production. Compost generally prepared by combination of plant and animal waste in 90 to 180 days. Enriched organic manure like vermicompost prepared by a decompostio period of 15 to 20 days and earthworm like Eisenia fotida,Pitonoxy excavata, Udrilus eugen for 30 to 40 days.
The bokashi method (developed in Japan) is also a very effective, low cost approach to compost animal manure and enrich its fertility through fermentation.
Through the decomposition of animal waste in one of the methods used for this purpose, as well as human waste , food wastes and the remains of cultivated plants .
The compost that this organic fertilizer can significantly reduce the use of chemical fertilizer without compromising on the yield and in this way, growing large scale plants can be done in a sustainable manner. A digester with 15 tons of input capacity can produce approximately 10 tons of organic fertilizer. Major animal waste use for compost manure production. Fresh animal waste of about seven days contain fungus like Trichoderma helpful for decomposition of compost . Generally,80% plant waste and 20% animal waste ideal for compositing process and about 90 to 180 days required for preparation of Compost as organic manure.
An example of using for proper compost mixture determination.
1. Is the C/N ratio of a typical straw?
2. Is the C/N ratio of typical animal manure?
3. Is the difference of straw and animal waste manure? 4
4. Is the desired C/N ratio.
5. Is the difference of animal manure C: N ratio and desired C: N ratio. Multiplying this value by 100 reveals that 16.67% of straw is needed for the desired C/N ratio.
6. Is the difference of straw C/N ratio and desired C/N ratio? Multiplying this value by 100 reveals that 83.33% of manure is needed for the desired C/N ratio.
Water management is important in compost because 40 to 65 percent of the pore space in composting materials should have water. Measuring devices can be used to monitor the moisture, but they can be costly.One way to test moisture is the simple hand test called the “wet rag test.” Squeeze the compost and feel for moisture. If water drips out, then it is too wet. But if the compost feels like a wrung-out wet rag, the compost has sufficient amounts of moisture. Remember to wash your hands after working with compost.The microorganisms that transform manure into compost require oxygen for their energy-deriving chemical reactions. Less than 5 percent of oxygen within the pore space will turn the pile anaerobic (without oxygen), may create a rotten-egg smell and will slow the composting process. Aerobic conditions can be replenished by turning the pile
Animal waste to enriched organic matter recycling may be done by mixing one week fresh cowding and tricoderma fungus with moisture about 70 to 80 % in compost peat for about 90 to 180 days.
Make sure that they are dry and partially decomposed to make the nutrients available to plants. Microorganisms acting on organic materials impede utilization of nitrogen for plants. Drying under field condition is the easiest way to do it prior to application. In a coconut study, for instance, an inorganic/mineral fertilizer recommendation of ammonium sulfate at 1.5 kg per tree per year is equivalent to 10kg of cow manure in ring application and mixed with the soil, about 2m from the base of the palm.
Organic matter like water hyacinth ,straw etc.mixed with about one week fresh cowdung with 70 to 80% moisture should be decomposed in a pit size about 10×4×1.5 feet size for about fifteen days for decomposition and about 3 to 5 kg Eisenia fotida ,Pyronxi excavate,Udrillus eugenae mixed European earth worm should be initiated in the vermicompost pit for 20 to 25 days.Vermicompost prepare from the pit odour less and contain about 2 to 3 times more NPK than compost manure enriched with hormone, enzyme, vitamin etc.. Vermicompost should be dried in shades and ready for application in agriculture crop cultivation .
animal waste have low carbon content so you should mixed with plant residues because carbon and nitrogen are the most important. Carbon provides both an energy source and the basic building block making up about 50 percent of the mass of microbial cells. Nitrogen is a crucial component of the proteins, nucleic acids, amino acids, enzymes and co-enzymes necessary for cell growth and function.
To provide optimal amounts of these two crucial elements, you can use the carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio for each of your compost ingredients. The ideal C/N ratio for composting is generally considered to be around 30:1, or 30 parts carbon for each part nitrogen
Animal waste combination with Orgainc matter may be converted to enriched organic composed and vermicompost.
Animal waste could also be converted into biochar, especially if you have a slaughterhouse in the vicinity. I wonder whether there is any literature on this topic however, knowing the multi value added to biomass when converted into biochar, I am confident that the same produced from animal waste could contribute to enhance soil fertility.
Animal waste combination with organic matter may be developed to enriched compost generally in 90 days duration and enriched vermicompost with earthworm initiation generally in 50 to 60days.The manure value of vermicompost specially NPK become double with hormone ,enzyme,vitamines,antibiotic etc. Liquid fertilizer as vermiwash may be developed to bio-char as liquid fertilizer..
- Badges
- Science topic
- Similar topics
- Chemistry, Organic
- Organic