I have prepared MoO3 by electrodeposition and found it more stable in aqueous electrolytes than commercial MoO3. When I compared the HR-XPS spectrum of O 1s of the electrodeposited MoO3 with that of the commercial one, I found a shoulder at ~ 532.5 in the former as in the attached images. I attributed it to hydroxyl groups that probably formed at the MoO3 surface during its electrosynthesis. My questions are:

1- How to confirm the presence of hydroxyl groups on MoO3 with another technique other than XPS as this shoulder may also be attributed to adsorbed CO2?

2- Do these hydroxyl groups, if they already exist, have a role in stabilizing MoO3 in aqueous electrolytes, unlike the commercial one that severely dissolves?

Please list any relevant references.

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