Hi

In writing related work section in contribution papers or during writing review and survey articles, it is often necessary to report the mathematics (mathematical equations) from the cited literature. I have seen that many researchers use the same mathematical symbols and equations without any modifications but with citations to the cited literature. In this way, the mathematical equations used are identical to the ones used in original manuscript. In text, we write the proposed work in our own wordings, which avoids similarity, but what about these mathematical equations.

  • Does it matter to rephrase equations with new symbols or one should use the same in the manuscript without any modification?
  • It is necessary to obtain a written permission from the publisher or copyright holders to include the equation and cite it?
  • Are those who repeat the same equations without any modifications committing any similarity and plagiarism violations?
  • Please help, your answer may change the lives of many researchers.

    Kindest Regards

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