if used as an actuator, it should work with both polarities but one polarity causes a decrease of length while the other an increase. For mechanical reasons, one usually wants to employ the increase mode if driven in a unipolar way. Of course, it depends on your application.
So, you have to measure the length (either using insulating material between the electrodes and the measuring tool or by a contactless method like deflecting light by tilting a mirror) at 0 V and at both polarities.
For use as a sensor, connect both end faces to an oscilloscope, and tap on the element, parallel to the axis (perhaps using something like a small mallet or the handle of a screwdriver). The larger pulses are caused by the decrease of length.