In my current study I'm measuring cultural diversity in intercultural coaching dyads by calculating cultural distance (Kogut-Singh Index, 1988) between coach and coachee in each intercultural dyad. I'm using the latest scores for four core Hofstede's dimensions to measure the cultural distance.
My question is how should I calculate the variance for each of four Hofstede's dimensions (PD, IND, MAS, AU) in the Kogut-Singh formula: 1) variance (for each of the dimensions) based only on coach's sample; 2) variance based only on coachee's samples (coach's sample has 35 countries, while coachee's sample has 58 countries, the samples only partly overlap); 3) variance based on the differences between coach and coachee (for each dimension). I'm looking for a justification of the choice 1-3. Thank you for your input!
To apply the Kogut-Singh Index for measuring cultural distance, you calculate the index using Hofstede's dimensions (Power Distance, Individualism, Masculinity, and Uncertainty Avoidance). Here’s a step-by-step guide:
1. Calculate the Difference in Each Dimension:
For each dimension (PD, IND, MAS, UA), calculate the difference between the scores of the coach's and coachee's countries:
2. Determine the Variance for Each Dimension:
Choose the appropriate variance calculation method:
- Variance Based on Coach's Sample:
- Variance Based on Coachee's Sample:
- Variance Based on Combined Sample:
Justification
- Variance Based on Coach's Sample: If the study emphasizes the coach's perspective, this might be appropriate.
- Variance Based on Coachee's Sample: If the study focuses on the coachee’s experience, use this.
- Variance Based on Combined Sample: This provides a balanced view, considering both populations, and is typically preferred for a more comprehensive analysis.
3. Apply the Kogut-Singh Index Formula:
4. Calculate the Index for Each Dyad:
Perform the calculation for each intercultural dyad using the variances from the chosen justification method.
Moreover, you can apply data aggregation test (ICC), it is useful when you are collecting data from different sources.
References:
- Kogut, B., & Singh, H. (1988). The effect of national culture on the choice of entry mode. *Journal of International Business Studies*, 19(3), 411-432.
- Hofstede, G. (2001). *Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations.* Sage Publications.
- Shenkar, O. (2001). Cultural distance revisited: Towards a more rigorous conceptualization and measurement of cultural differences. *Journal of International Business Studies*, 32(3), 519-535.
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