Dear Muhammad Usman,

Nanolithography (NL) is a growing field of techniques within nanotechnology dealing with the engineering (patterning e.g. etching, depositing, writing, printing etc) of nanometer-scale structures on various materials.

The modern term reflects on a design of structures built in range of 10−9 to 10−6 meters, i.e. nanometer scale. Essentially, the field is a derivative of lithography, only covering very small structures. All NL methods can be categorized into four groups: photo lithography, scanning lithography, soft lithography and other miscellaneous techniques.

For more information about this subject i suggest you to see links on topic.

https://www.qd-latam.com/_libs/dwns/663.pdf

https://www.parksystems.com/cn/AFM_gallery/AFM_gallery_view.php?id=68&part=&word=True%20Non-Contact%20Imaging

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/44825

http://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/153506/LIAO-DISSERTATION-2014.pdf;sequence=1

Article Two-photon polymerization nanolithography technology for fab...

Best regards

@Mohamed-Mourad-Lafifi

Thank you for answeringy.

Muhammad Usman Take a look: http://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/153506/LIAO-DISSERTATION-2014.pdf;sequence=1