In stale seed bed technique, before sowing the field was irrigated and favoured for germination of weeds after few days the nonselective herbicide was sprayed to kill the weeds then crop was sowed after tillage. In organic farming herbicide is not recommened so how this technology practicesed in organic farmimg?
Repeated cultivations, as shallow as possible or flaming.
Delay sowing or plant using a minimal soil disturbance technique.
A good book is Weed managment for organic farmers, growers and smallholders, A complete guide - Gareth Davies, Becky Turner and Bill Bond.
Papers
Bond, W., & Grundy, A. C. (2001). Non‐chemical weed management in organic farming systems. Weed research, 41(5), 383-405.
Turner, R. J., Davies, G., Moore, H., Grundy, A. C., & Mead, A. (2007). Organic weed management: A review of the current UK farmer perspective. Crop Protection, 26(3), 377-382.
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