Hi all,

In emotion research, valence (of music, pictures, faces, etc.) can be measured with a Likert-scale (e.g., 7-point Likert scale), (as well as SAM, or pictorial forms).

For Likert-scale measures, what terms/words are more commonly used to define the ends of the scale? It seems like the literature has quite varying ways to do so, such as:

1: negative, 7: positive

1: unpleasant, 7: pleasant

1: sad, 7: happy

(and so forth)

I wonder what are the practical / theoretical implications of using different terms in the measure of valence? Would greatly appreciate if accompanying resources to articles can be provided. :)