Selection bias may arise when the analysis does not include all of the participants, or all of their follow-up after initiation of intervention, that would have been included in the target randomized trial. The ROBINS-I tool addresses two types of selection bias: (1) bias that arises when either all of the follow-up or a period of follow-up following initiation of intervention is missing for some individuals (for example, bias due to the inclusion of prevalent users rather than new users of an intervention), and (2) bias that arises when later follow-up is missing for individuals who were initially included and followed (for example, bias due to differential loss to follow-up that is affected by prognostic factors). ROBIN-I consider the first type of selection bias under “Bias in selection of participants into the study” and aspects relating to loss to follow up are covered under “Bias due to missing data”.
For further information, read 'ROBIN-I detailed guidance- 2016' (https://www.riskofbias.info/welcome/home/current-version-of-robins-i/robins-i-detailed-guidance-2016).
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