I exposed Jurkat E6-1 cell to plant secondary metabolites and the observations of various assays are as follows,
Total RONS moieties. . . .decreased
Superoxide Dismutase. . Increased
Catalase. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Increased
Peroxidase. . . . . . . . . . . . Increased
How to correlate these results? If the total RONS moieties are decreasing then how there is increasing in the antioxidant enzymes activities? It would be the better if I get appropriate review paper in this concern.
Thank you for valuable explanations to all. One thing I have to add in my question is as follows. I have also did the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP), Total Antioxidant (TA), Superoxide Dismutase- like activity, phenolic contents and Nitric Oxide scavenging assays. In all these assay the exposed secondary metabolites have found to be acting as a good antioxidants.
So, how would I interpret these data with the in vitro experiments which I have mentioned previously?
Hope you have read this paper
Biological Activities of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species:
Oxidative Stress versus Signal Transduction
Redox regulation is a complex field. Please, find attached recent reviews. Dr wong is right!
I completely agree with Prof. Flohe that redox regulation is complicated. But, it is vital for maintenance of healthy metabolism.
It is correct that RONS regulate/stimulate genes for building good antioxidant system. But, ones cells have good antioxidant system (for instance in your case increase in activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, catalase and peroxidase), you would expect decrease in level of RONS. In other words, higher the activities of antioxidants (irrespective of enzymatic or non-enzymatic) lesser will be level of ROS. Many times, level of RONS may be directly proportional to activities of antioxidant enzymes (you may see Prasad et al., 1999), that would be under circumstances where rate of generation of RONS exceeds rate at which they are been detoxified with prevailing level of antioxidants. That is the precise reason, why we believe that redox regulation is a complicated phenomenon.
Thank you for valuable explanations to all. One thing I have to add in my question is as follows. I have also did the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP), Total Antioxidant (TA), Superoxide Dismutase- like activity, phenolic contents and Nitric Oxide scavenging assays. In all these assay the exposed secondary metabolites have found to be acting as a good antioxidants.
So, how would I interpret these data with the in vitro experiments which I have mentioned previously?
Most secondary plant metabolites e.g. polyphenolic compounds regulates ROS metabolism by several mechanisms: direct scavenging of active oxygen species, enhancing the antioxidant efficiency of glutathione-redox system, and other antioxidant enzymes e.g. SOD/CAT enzyme system. In this way the cell/biological system is better prepared to defend against oxidative/peroxidative damage. This is not an adverse situation but rather an adaptive mechanism against oxidative stimuli. The physiological outcome would in most cases be decreased peroxidative damage amongst others. It is not uncommon in experimental findings with plant metabolites to report observation similar to yours. I have at one time reported increase mRNA expression of GSH-metabolizing enzymes at both the gene level and enzyme activity levels. May I kindly refer you to the following articles for further attention:
Martin MA, Serrano ABG, Ramos S, Pulido MI, Bravo L, Goya L (2010) Cocoa flavonoids up-regulate antioxidant enzyme activity via the ERK1/2 pathway to protect against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. J Nutr Biochem 21:196-205.
Abarikwu SO, Farombi EO, Pant AB (2012) Kolaviron biflavanoids of Garcinia kola seeds protects atrazine-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultures of rat Leydig cells. Int J Toxicol 31:407-415.
Nelson SK, Bose SK, Grunwald GK, Myhill P, McCord JM (2006) The induction of human superoxide dismutase and catalase in vivo: a fundamentally new approach to antioxidant therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 40; 341-347.
@ Sunny Abarikwu. . I am very thankful for your valuable help.
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