Depending on the source of the crude oil and the refining processes used, petroleum products may contain varying quantities of heavy metals. The precise concentrations of heavy metals in petroleum products, such as petrol, diesel, and lubricating lubricants, can also vary by product.
According to a 2013 study by Saeedi et al., petroleum products may contain significant quantities of heavy metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and nickel (Ni). The concentrations of these heavy metals in petrol and diesel ranged from 0.1 to 5 mg/kg, while the concentrations in lubricating lubricants ranged from 0.5 to 100 mg/kg, according to the study. In addition, the study found that the concentrations of heavy metals in petroleum products can vary depending on the country of origin and the refining procedures employed.
Ghorbanzadeh et al. (2021) investigated the concentrations of heavy metals in petrol samples from various Iranian regions. Pb, Cd, As, and Ni concentrations in petrol samples ranged from 0.026 to 0.467, 0.010 to 0.133, 0.040 to 0.210, and 0.032 to 0.135 mg/L, respectively, according to the study. In addition, the study discovered that the concentrations of heavy metals in petrol samples were generally below the Iranian national maximum allowable levels.
It is essential to monitor and regulate the levels of heavy metals in petroleum products to minimise potential environmental and health risks.
Well well well Petroleum products can contain trace amounts of heavy metals, which can vary depending on the source of the petroleum and the refining process used. Some of the heavy metals that can be found in petroleum products include:
Lead (Pb): This heavy metal was commonly used as an octane booster in gasoline before it was phased out due to health and environmental concerns. However, lead can still be present in some aviation fuels and specialty fuels.
Mercury (Hg): This heavy metal can be present in crude oil and can be concentrated in some refining processes. However, most modern refineries have processes in place to remove mercury from their products.
Arsenic (As): This heavy metal can be present in crude oil and can be concentrated in some refining processes. However, most modern refineries have processes in place to remove arsenic from their products.
Vanadium (V) and Nickel (Ni): These heavy metals are naturally present in crude oil and can be concentrated in some refining processes. They can contribute to the formation of harmful emissions such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) when the petroleum products are burned.
It is important to note that the concentration of heavy metals in petroleum products is typically very low and is regulated by government agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States. The EPA sets limits on the amount of heavy metals that can be present in petroleum products to protect human health and the environment.