How microorganisms are important for maintaining of health soil and biodiversity and role of microorganisms in plant nutrition and soil health?
1-) The micro-organisms play basic role for soil health, enhance the production of humus,(dead decaying materials decomposed by bacterias), cycling of nutrient as well as absorption, all these factors promote the fertility status in soil and essential for biodiversity.
2-) plants are part of a rich ecosystem, which have a huge quantity of microorganisms in soil, like these mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen fixing symbiotic bacteria, which play’s essential functions in plants performance by up-grade minerals nutrients.
Microorganisms help break down organic matter, they release essential nutrients and carbon dioxide into the soil, fix nitrogen and help transform nutrients into mineral forms that plants can use through a process called mineralization and nitrogen fixing bacteria improve soil fertility.Microorganisms regulate soil properties and fertility through different pathways: (1) microbes can activate soil nutrients and promote their availability; (2) nitrogen-fixing bacteria improve soil fertility by transforming the nitrogen elements; (3) the extracellular secretions of microbes can enhance the stability of ecosystems. Beneficial soil microbes perform fundamental functions such as nutrient cycling, breaking down crop residues, and stimulating plant growth. While the role of microbes to maintain soil health and contribute to crop performance is clear, the soil biological component is extremely difficult to observe and manage. Microorganisms increase the production of humus, which leads to an increase in soil health. Soil structure and soil texture are essentially the same property of soil. Soil microorganisms alter the waste constituents through organic matter decomposition, inorganic transformations, and nutrient assimilation. These processes are largely restricted to the upper meter of soil. The ability of soil microorganisms to decompose organic matter is a function of their population complexity. Microorganisms play a crucial role in nutrient cycling in soil. The composition and activity of microbiota impact the soil quality status, health, and nutrient enrichment. Microbes are essential for nutrient mobility and absorption. Through their varied functions, they stimulate plant growth and reduce diseases. Moreover, microorganisms have the ability to degrade and detoxify harmful organic as well as inorganic compounds that accumulate in the soil as contaminating substances, which are the result of many activities, including agriculture practices. They exert the bioremediation action benefiting soil and plant health. Microscopic creatures including bacteria, fungi and viruses can make you ill. But what you may not realize is that trillions of microbes are living in and on your body right now. Most don't harm you at all. In fact, they help you digest food, protect against infection and even maintain your reproductive health. Microorganisms play essential roles in biogeochemical processes, and the disturbance of these microbial systems on a global scale may result in dramatic ecological issues, such as disruptions of food webs due to nutrient cycling changes, and increased greenhouse gas production due to alterations of the carbon cycle. Soil microorganisms are responsible for most of the nutrient release from organic matter. When microorganisms decompose organic matter, they use the carbon and nutrients in the organic matter for their own growth. They release excess nutrients into the soil where they can be taken up by plants.
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