Effectiveness of the application of silver NPs against mould is obvious. Do they affect the foundation of Life? Lead in paint became a huge problem. Will silver NPs in buildings affect our digestive system? Our pets? Before launching, let's study properly the long term effects on organisms. If we find the risks outweigh the benefits, how do we later remove these NPs?
Article Antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles against indoor...
It depends on the concentration of Ag-NPs and quantity of mould.
Other part of your query is of concern to many of us and we need to aptly act and take necessary measures. It is definite that (i) Ag-NPs are antimicrobial/antifungal; (ii) Ag-NPs are absorbed/adsorbed by moulds/microbes (accordingly we find concentration of Ag-NPs in biomass irrespective of whether it is of fungus or bacteria). However, if we retain culture of moulds/ microbes in culture vessel (in liquid or agar plate) for longer time in Ag-NPs, we do observe appearance of new mycelia/bacteria (that means mycelia/bacteria concentrate Ag-NPs, while ensuring survival of few or letting few of them getting adapted).
Yes, if we release biomass of moulds/microbes studded with Ag-NPs into aquatic bodies or dumped along with solid/municipal waste (landfill sites), they might enter into our food chain and food web. We need to take apt measures to handle this problem.
There are also few publications, wherein it has been shown that few microorganisms have potential to convert Ag-NPs into Ag+.
I am sure several of our colleagues will further educate us on this important issue.
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