That depends on the subjects of choice.

E.g. if your study is among health informaticians, any other way than a digital questionnaire would increase the non-response.

If your subjects would easily be homeless people, digital and ordinary mail would lead to non-response.

You must first identify where your target group can be found. For example, in some examples and topics, social networks are a good option.

Distributing your questionnaire effectively is crucial to collecting quality data for your doctoral dissertation. Here are some methods you can use:

1. Online Distribution

• Google Forms, Microsoft Forms, or SurveyMonkey – Easy to set up and distribute via a link.
• Email Distribution – Send personalized emails to potential respondents, including professional contacts, colleagues, or participants from relevant organizations.
• Social Media – Share on platforms like LinkedIn, Facebook groups, Twitter, or Reddit (ensure to follow community rules).
• Academic Platforms – Post on ResearchGate or university discussion forums.
• WhatsApp/Telegram Groups – If your target group is active on these platforms.

2. Institutional Collaboration

• University Network – Collaborate with your university to send the questionnaire to students, faculty, or staff.
• Hospitals & Health Institutions (for nursing-related research) – Seek permission to share it with healthcare professionals.
• Professional Associations & Conferences – Contact relevant nursing associations or present at a conference.

3. Physical Distribution

• Paper Questionnaires – If online access is limited, distribute printed copies in hospitals, clinics, or universities.
• Posters with QR Codes – Place posters in high-traffic areas with a QR code linking to your questionnaire.

4. Snowball Sampling

• Ask colleagues, students, or professionals to share the survey with their networks to reach a wider audience.

5. Paid Surveys (if needed)

• Platforms like Prolific or MTurk can help if you need a specific demographic and have a budget for participant incentives.