I am interested in empirical studies that imply a difference in the development/adaptation of perceptual processes in response to different environmental settings as for example provided by urban versus natural surroundings.
The literature on this topic in environment-behavior research is considerable but the focus is more on how environmental and architectural qualities contribute to human experience. Two good starting points are Christopher Alexander's PATTERN LANGUAGE (also his 4-volume THE NATURE OF ORDER). Also significant is Thomas Thiis-Evensen's ARCHETYPES IN ARCHITECTURE--a phenomenology of architectural experience.
There is also the large "phenomenology of place" literature. In that regard, I would begin with Ed Casey's GETTING BACK INTO PLACE, Jeff Malpas's EXPERIENCE AND PLACE, and Ed Relph's PLACE AND PLACELESSNESS.
In regard to the role of nature in human experience, one of the first perceptive explications is John Searles' THE NONHUMAN ENVIRONMENT from 1960 but still quite fine. I would also recommend, as a philosophical overview, Pete Hay's excellent MAIN CURRENTS IN WESTERN ENVIRONMENTAL THOUGHT (2000).
I cover this question in a number of reviews I've written. They are posted at academia.edu.