DNA structures are not innert. There might stay unmodified for years, but DNA in a large amount of time does change (this is why we obtain cancers). Above all, we do get changes by replication. Not always we get an exact copy each time we replicate the DNA. There are mechanisms to avoid this happening, but we still get errors.

About epigenetics it maybe the environmental factor of DNA. When we suffer a change it will normally affect epigenetics. By methylation (it could be other mechanisms) they unwrap themselves from the DNA and it is where the DNA gets exposed.

This kind of change (methylation) it is normally sensed by environment. When we normally have the changes it will go straight to epigenetics. Epigenetics are unpredictable, and does not transmit to offspring. It is unique to any individual and may change by environment. You may get DNA expression without a result in mRNA. You may have an inhibitor, but it above all due to a change, if it is not a basal level. Epigenetics does keep the genes and the DNA off. The change is methylation, so as this change occurs it is what happens. There are many changes SUMO summoilation, Ub ubiquitination, methylation is CH3.

It's response to environment maybe by epigenetics. Above all the change is it is visible. If it is heritable, it might be by traces or some kind of trait, but generally it is unique to each individual.

That's a very good question! There are so many misconceptions about what epigenetics actually is and what it isn't. Part of the problem arises from the fact that there are as many definitions of epigenetics as people working with it.

Epigenetic mechanisms are considered "heritable" because they are maintained from one cell to another. For example, epithelial cells and hematopoietic cells have different epigenetic patterns. When they divide, epithelial cells give rise to epithelial cells while hematopoietic cells give rise to blood cells. Thus, the epigenetic patterns are maintained or, in other words, inherited from their progenitor cells.

This is possible through the existence of the epigenetic machinery. Specifically, there are several DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) with the ability to transfer methyl groups to the DNA. While some of them are "de novo" DNMTs (DNMT3A and DNMT3B), DNMT1 is a "maintenance" DNMT that binds to hemimethylated DNA sequences so it can methylate replicating DNA.

I hope this helped a bit!

Mª Angeles Zorrilla Lopez-Perea

Thank you for your nice answer! Sir on your answer saying ''epigenetics is not heritable'' there one research saying it is heritable. I doubt also how could it be heritable as far as it is modification on DNA through methylation and but not depend on DNA mutation. I support your answer because it is mutation on DNA that possibly heritable to offspring. This the research saying epigenetics is heritable:https://www.nature.com/articles/ng1089z#:~:text=Epigenetic%20mechanisms%20constrain%20expression%20by,closely%20associated%20with%20the%20locus.

I do remember scientists were very concerned on why epigentics could not be hereditable. I do think it was a very surprising fact, that maybe research "froze". They did say they were going to find the proof. There was some traces or pecularities at the time were offspring do get epigenetics from the parents. Just the peculiarities but apparently it was impossible to reproduce at least some of the epigenome on the next generation. Still, it was very difficult to obtain this label. Maybe suggest recent research the characters of the epigenome may be able to transmit, these traits, the (mechanisms) the methylation, the epigenome but being unique to each individual as there was no evidence that could proof it. It was very difficult to point and say they become from the same parent, and only say these traits were the only thing that made it possible. They did say they were going to keep searching as there was and there is still an air of mystery on epigenome. It only sits on top of the DNA mainly. Maybe even suggest there are other forms of heritable epigenomics and it may not be the epigenomics were are used. (maybe they did find some inheritance of this main epigenome)