I am working with Mg-, Cu-, Ni- doped TiO2. All of them achieves better efficiency when wt.% is lower than 1 %. Cu is in the first place, after that Mg and than Ni. Maybe some discussion will help me to trully understand the mechanism, etc.
I think you should refer this article in order to understand effect of doping on photocatalytic activity : : http://www.researchgate.net/publication/230718297
It depends upon which dopant you are using . As you said when wt% lower by 1% Cu is the better in efficiency than Mg and Ni , i think this is due to the possibility band gap of TiO2 is well tuned with the Cu doping which leads to better charge carrier generation and ultimately the good efficiency of the material at this particular wt % than other dopants . May be you can try other combination of wt% so that you can get idea like is really Cu doping best in all the ways than others. Thank you .
You may need to try different ratios of these metals. In fact, the results concerning the efficiency of TiO2 after doping with metals are controversial. You can read this paper: