Greywater can be defined as any domestic wastewater produced, excluding sewage. The main difference between greywater and sewage (or blackwater) is the organic loading. Sewage has a much larger organic loading compared to greywater.
Some people also categorise kitchen wastewater as blackwater because it has quite a high organic loading relative to other sources of wastewater such as bath water.
People are now waking up to the benefits of greywater re-use, and the term "Wastewater" is in many respects a misnomer. Maybe a more appropriate term for this water would be "Used Water".
We can divide domestic WW based on BOD5 as, Grey Water and Black Water. Grey Water suggest to be the water which are low strength WW compared to Black Water. Therefore, generally all types Water discharges except lavotory discharges are
recongnized as Grey Water where as lavotory water is classified as Black Water.
Grey water does not contain any substance originating from lavatories. Thus the term covers wastewater produced in bathrooms, baths, sinks, washing machines and kitchens, in houses, offices, schools, etc. Generally, grey water accounts for an estimated 75% of residential drainage and contains low levels of organic matter in comparison to black water (ordinary wastewater), which comprises urine, faecal matter, toilet paper, etc. (Eriksson et al., 2002).
The composition of grey wastewater depends on sources and installations from where the water is drawn, e.g. kitchen, bathroom or laundry. The chemical compounds present originate from household chemicals, cooking, washing and the piping. In general grey wastewater contains lower levels of organic matter and nutrients compared to ordinary wastewater, since urine, faeces and toilet paper are not included. The levels of heavy metals are however in the same concentration range. The information regarding the content of xenobiotic organic compounds (XOCs) is limited. From this study, 900 different XOCs were identified as potentially present in grey wastewater by the use of tables of contents of household chemical products.
Ericksson E., Auffarth K., Henze M., Ledin A. Characteristics of grey wastewater. UrbanWater. UrbanWater, 2002, 4:85–104.
Grey water characterisation and its impact on the selection and operation of technologies for urban reuse
Abstract
Characterisation of grey water reveals a source water that is similar in organic strength to a lowmedium strength municipal sewage influent but with physical and biodegradability characteristics similar to a tertiary treated effluent. The characteristics of the water suggest biological processes are the most suitable unit processes for treating grey water. The highly variable nature of the source requires that selected technologies must be inherently robust in their operation. One potential area of concern is the high COD/BOD ratio and nutrient deficiency in terms of both macro and micro nutrients which grey water exhibits potentially retard the efficacy of biological processes.
Jefferson, B., Palmer, A., Jeffrey, P., Stuetz, R., & Judd, S. (2004). Grey water characterisation and its impact on the selection and operation of technologies for urban reuse. Water science and technology, 50(2), 157-164.