Here are a couple of references from my colleague David Waller (retired) who spent most of his career looking at these issues:
Waller, D., & Hodgson, E. (2006). Transient and enduring spatial representations under disorientation and self-rotation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 32, 867-882.
Waller, D., Lippa, Y., & Richardson, A. (2008). Isolating observer-based reference directions in human spatial memory: Head, body, and the self-to-array axis. Cognition, 106, 157-183.