According to Chomsky, the purpose of language is not to communicate (given that animals and plants can communicate), but rather to establish a cognitive mechanism for thoughts to be generated neurally (Bolhuis, Chomsky et al. 2014). This mechanism takes two syntactic elements ‘a’ and ‘b’ and merges them to form ‘a + b’: ‘the’ and ‘apple’ are combined to yield ‘the apple’. This process can apply to the results of its own output such that ‘ate’ can be combined with ‘the apple’ to yield ‘ate the apple’. Language is thus built-up from component parts using a process called Merge.
In a like manner, Merge happens when two sites are stimulated concurrently in the neocortex to establish a Hebbian connection (Hebb 1949). Normally electrical stimulation of M1 (i.e., the motor cortex) yields a muscle twitch, but if electrical stimulation of M1 is paired with the electrical stimulation of V1 (i.e., the visual cortex, a non-motor area) then the electrical stimulation of V1 evokes a muscle twitch (Baer 1905; Bartlett, Doty et al. 2005; Doty 1965). This output configuration should now be readily combined with paired stimulations of other sites in the neocortex to generate a more complex output configuration to act as a neural integrator for Merge. In short, the work of Pavlov (1927) has provided a neural platform to support Merge.