Dear Dr. Le Phung,

I found a chapter about the new Web, Web 3 that describes well the evolution process:

Buldas, A., Draheim, D., Gault, M., Saarepera, M. (2022). Towards a Foundation of Web3. In: Dang, T.K., Küng, J., Chung, T.M. (eds) Future Data and Security Engineering. Big Data, Security and Privacy, Smart City and Industry 4.0 Applications. FDSE 2022. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1688. Springer, Singapore.

Quote: " We conclude that, from an engineering viewpoint, the Web3 can be characterized as the integration of digital rights exchange into the (application layer) internet protocols."

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8069-5_1, Open access:

Chapter Towards a Foundation of Web3

In the business context, the users must be in the center:

Gao, H., Duan, P., Pan, X. et al. Blockchain-enabled supervised secure data sharing and delegation scheme in Web3.0. J Cloud Comp 13, 21 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-023-00575-8, Quote: "Web3.0 represents the ongoing evolution of blockchain technology, placing a strong emphasis on establishing a decentralized and user-controlled Internet."

Open access: Article Blockchain-enabled supervised secure data sharing and delega...

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

Thanks Bulcsu Szekely thanks for distilling both the technical and business sides of W3. Can I ask what kinds of digital rights are we talking about?

Dear Dr. Le Phung!

The digital rights related to the application layer protocols:

https://adacomputerscience.org/concepts/internet_application_layer?examBoard=all&stage=all

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu

Thanks Bulcsu Szekely

Bulcsu Szekely on further reflection how really own the digital rights if the product owner didn´t code the stacks?

Dear Dr. Phung!

Ok. You refer to the case of copyrights. How to make certain one gets royalty fees from licensing. The development of a sophisticated digital rights management system (DRM) is not an easy project to embark on:

"A case in point is the music industry, which loses US$12.5 billion annually to global piracy, according to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA, 2022)." in Ciriello, R.F., Torbensen, A.C.G., Hansen, M.R.P. et al. Blockchain-based digital rights management systems: Design principles for the music industry. Electron Markets 33, 5 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-023-00628-5, Open access:

Article Blockchain-based digital rights management systems: Design p...

May I ask YOU if you have a case study on a DRM - project from the education management sector?

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

Dear Dr. Phung!

The internet constantly evolves, driven by technological advancements, cultural shifts, and user behaviors. New technologies like AI, IoT, and blockchain are shaping how we interact online. Social media platforms, e-commerce, and streaming services have transformed how we communicate, shop, and consume content. Privacy concerns, cybersecurity, and digital divide issues also influence the internet's development. Overall, the internet's landscape continues to change rapidly, impacting how we live, work, and connect with others.

Bulcsu Szekely you asked about DRM in the Education sector, it might become thorny, because the point of education is knowledge transfer.

Bulcsu Szekely I would like to ask who owns the rights to be big data?

Dear Dr. Le Phung!

This is a matter of the agreement concerning copyrights, etc. One can use open-source code and modify it to fit his/her settings.

Bulcsu Szekely but who owns the imprints of our actions that are being tracked by cookies? This goes beyond what the Creative Common codes define as copyrights. Ideas are inherently ephemeral. The history is riddled by copy cats like how Apple took the interface from Xerox, and then in turn, Windows took that idea from the Mac... at the end of the day, copyrights boil down to whom can enforce them.

Dear Dr. Le Phung!

The case of "data ownership" is an evolving process - depending on the agreement. The context defines the parameters for the agreement. There must be a legal framework in place. to enforce data protection. In the EU you can see this development. I found a specific case about "human biodata",

Quote: ....a collaborative model of regulation at the level of data protection, known as meta-regulation. One of the most important forms of meta-regulation under the GDPR is the legal obligation for controllers to conduct a Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)."...."These responsibilities relate to the regulatory activities of setting standards and implementing safeguards." in Esra Demir,

The protection of human biodata: Is there any role for data ownership?

Computer Law & Security Review, Volume 51, 2023,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105905,

Idea ownership & protection is needed in the Internet era as well. The intellectual property rights ecosystem is evolving, adapting to new challenges to catch the "copycats". Otherwise, there will be no incentive to innovate in the future:

Drexl, J. (2024). Lessons from Intellectual Property Law for Designing Modern EU Data Law. In: Thouvenin, F., Peukert, A., Jaeger, T., Geiger, C. (eds) Kreation Innovation Märkte - Creation Innovation Markets. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-68599-0_62,..

Yours sincerely,

Bulcsu Szekely you have definitely outlined some thought provoking suggestions. The problem though starts with what´s digital and what´s original. These domains are highly malleable and elastic.

Innovations go both ways, it depends on both the CIRCULATION and the RESTRICTION of ideas. But ultimately, people aren´t rewarded for their ideas. What gets protected is the APPLICATION of the ideas.

So that was something I had been thinking about - namely how BLUE SKY IDEAS are devalued, leading to what I call PEAK IDEAS.

For an elaboration, please consider this posting:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Why_AI_and_online_learning_can_and_should_never_replace_the_good_teacher_and_the_real_classroom2

Dear Dr. Le Phung!

I appreciate your contribution. I am afraid you missed out on a critical issue: people and companies ARE REWARDED for their ideas:

Quote: "Traditional intellectual property principles hold that ideas themselves must not be appropriated. Nevertheless, within open and collaborative dynamics, ideas are traded in technology markets for a stand-alone value. Contract-based exchanges to appropriate these ownerless resources take place in the market for unprotected ideas. Due to their lack of legal protection, these transactions are non-optimal and lead to economic inefficiency..." in

Maria Alejandra Echavarría-Arcila, Julio C. Correa, Ana María Pérez-Gómez,

Intellectual property for commercial ideas in technology markets: A system dynamics model, Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, Volume 9, Issue 2, 2023,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100041, Open access

Ideation is a process in itself that requires often improvement:

Quote: "Based on ideation practices of sophisticated companies, this paper triggers academic researchers to self-reflect on: (1) the source used for ideation, (2) the scope applied to ideation, (3) the sharing of ideas during ideation, and (4) the selection of ideas." in Stefan Stremersch, in

How can academics generate great research ideas? Inspiration from ideation practice, International Journal of Research in Marketing, Volume 41, Issue 1,

2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2023.10.002, Open access:

Doctoral Researchers and Doctoral Candidates are paid personnel at universities in Finland: therefore they are rewarded for brainstorming their idea. Of course, you need to apply your idea to get FURTHER rewards, but FIRST YOU HAVE TO HAVE A SOLID IDEA!

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

Please let me add and point out: the fact that the idea is original DOES NOT MEAN IT CANNOT BE A DIGITAL ONE. People can write on a digital platform and save their ideas therein. Quote:

"This chapter will summarize primary approaches to writing processes and several heuristics currently used to understand and analyze writing as a dynamic and networked activity. These tools are useful for examining the new ways digital technologies make writing processes visible for both research and reflection. The chapter will also discuss some implications for theory, pedagogy, and research." in Cummings, L. (2023). Writing Processes in the Digital Age: A Networked Interpretation. In: Kruse, O., et al. Digital Writing Technologies in Higher Education . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36033-6_30, Open access:

Chapter Writing Processes in the Digital Age: A Networked Interpretation

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu

Hi Bulcsu Szekely I am not too sure if this adds to our discussion, it's an early rumination on how ideas gain value via the data, then information, then knowledge, then applied knowledge conveyor belt.

https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_are_the_problems_facing_discourse_in_the_contexts_of_unsourceable_unfree_and_unsafe_speech

Yes digital sources can be original, but my concern lies in how patents can only protect applied knowledge, not really ideas, especially BLUE SKY IDEAS.

As for people being rewarded for their ideas, well I must say Finland has done lots of things right in the education sector. The same can not be easily said about the Anglo speaking systems where early career academics struggle to live above the poverty line.

Here one story that illustrates the precarious nature of some university disciplines.

https://www.smh.com.au/opinion/dangers-lurk-in-the-postmodern-career-that-is-missing-job-security-20161017-gs3u5o.html

Dear Dr. Le Phung!

I just reacted to your earlier post, for example, quote: "What gets protected is the APPLICATION of the ideas."

My reflection: Not only the application of an idea but the idea and the datasets therein themselves as well, within the context of an idea management system:

Quote: "In absorptive capacity, the use of an Idea Management System is most often seen as the ability to target and manage internally and externally provided knowledge through transformative learning (Volberta et al., 2010; Brix, 2019)." in

Jakobsen, H.S., Brix, J. & Jakobsen, R.S. Unraveling data from an idea management system of 11 radical innovation portfolios: key lessons and avenues for artificial intelligence integration. J Innov Entrep 13, 9 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-024-0036, Open access

May I refer to your most recent comment: "I am not too sure if this adds to our discussion, it's an early rumination on how ideas gain value via the data, then information, then knowledge..."

My reflection: Hereby you provide sound evidence that the starting point of an innovation process is AN IDEA. An idea might have commercial value in itself and therefore can be seen as knowledge:

Academy by Patsnap (2024). "...provides free online video courses so individuals and organizations can broaden knowledge of intellectual property (IP) to drive ideas, creativity and commercial success." Available at:

https://mu.linkedin.com/showcase/patsnap-academy

A patent protects such a commercially valuable (business) idea.

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu

Bulcsu Szekely you have definitely given me much to think about. I would say that there´s a hierarchy of ideas which are considered marketable and patentable. How such a matrix changes overtime is the issue here.

Image Source: https://boldip.com/how-to-patent-an-idea/

Dear Dr. Le Phung

Yes especially when the Internet will evolve into / become at some point part of the metaverse:

Gupta, B.B., Gaurav, A., Arya, V. et al. The evolution of intellectual property rights in metaverse based Industry 4.0 paradigms. Int Entrep Manag J (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-023-00940-8, Available at:

Article The evolution of intellectual property rights in metaverse b...

Yours sincerely, Bulcsu