In the basic principles of SDN the control layer is decoupled from the data plane and merged into a centralized control logic. The centralized logic, itself controlled by software and it has a global view of the network and has the capabilities to dynamically control hardware devices for optimal traffic flows through the network. Due to the centralization of the control logic, scalability issues exist on the number of hardware devices to control by a single control logic or the number of Flow Requests processed by the logic. How SDN handles such issues?
As I know, There are two solutions to overcome the scalability issues in the control plane.
+ Horizontally distributed controllers: deploy independent controllers with state replication
+ Vertically distributed controllers: controllers are deployed hierarchically
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