In 2013 we hypothesized that cyclic hexameric radical-cations (bipolarons) of WATER might intramolecularly transfer electrons in vivo, via electromerism (hyperconjugation and extended delocalization of unpaired electron spin density). In 2015, we hypothesized that pH-dependent speciation of e aq's is dynamical, fractal, and might explain quantum consciousness. The fractal dimension is provided by pH-dependent speciation of e aq's. Under certain pH and redox conditions, cyclic hexameric bipolarons of water (e aq's) might self-assemble into cofacially-stacked bidirectional vortices in liquid-crystalline environments. Such a hypothetical dynamical "vortex of hexagons" might be fractal in both time and space, e.g. in a liquid-crystalline environment. The redox potential of biological water is pH dependent and interfacial water is thought be liquid-crystalline, i.e. the Exclusion Zones described by Gerald Pollack. Such vortices might be frequency-encoded ("Devil's Staircase" physics) perhaps providing a biophysical singularity and basis for spin-correlated radical pair mechanisms in chemical biology, which conceivably began primordially on a prebiotic planet (Earth, and elsewhere?). I welcome your thoughts on these speculations!
Hi Rafik,
You forgot to reference the wikipedia page from which your answer was copy and pasted from...
-T
Is the definition of bipolarons identical in both physics and polymer chemistry? Perhaps there's an IUPAC definition? Is there any precedent for low temperature Bose-Frohlich-Einstein condensation? Superconducting solenoids operate at very low temperature, yes? As a general rule, do bipolarons have an EPR (ESR) signal? Perhaps this last question should be restated. Do hyperconjugated radical-cations or radical-anions have an ESR signal? In polymer chemistry, they are reactive chemically, yes? Might they co-exist in a "plasma"? Sorry for these naive questions. Physics was NOT my first calling.
Dear Robert,
Bipolaron (plural bipolarons)
(chemistry) A doubly-charged polaron
(physics) A bound pair of two polarons
http://sjbyrnes.com/FinalPaper--Polarons.pdf
http://www.chem.wisc.edu/courses/341/handouts/ACR_1985_18_309.pdf
An introduction to the polaron and bipolaron theoretical concepts
Yuri Kornyushina) Maıˆtre Jean Brunschvig Research Unit, Chalet Shalva, Randogne, CH-3975 ~!
A simple model for the autolocalization of a free charged particle is presented. The polarization well in the model is deep enough for only one localized level. In dielectric materials with a sufficiently large dielectric constant, two charged identical particles can be localized in one polarization potential well, forming a bipolaron. Although several localized levels can be found in more realistic
self-consistent models of this type, the more realistic theories require a high level of knowledge of mathematics. Hence, the proposed model can serve as an introduction to the ideas and concepts of autolocalized states.
https://arxiv.org/ftp/cond-mat/papers/0702/0702259.pdf
The following text was taken from Wikipedia:
In physics, a bipolaron is a bound pair of two polarons. An electron in a material may cause a distortion in the underlying lattice. The combination of electron and distortion (which may also be understood as a cloud of phonons) is known as a polaron (in part because the interaction between electron and lattice is via a polarization). When two polarons are close together, they can lower their energy by sharing the same distortions, which leads to an effective attraction between the polarons. If the interaction is sufficiently large, then that attraction leads to a bound bipolaron. For strong attraction, bipolarons may be small. Small bipolarons have integer spin and thus share some of the properties of bosons. If many bipolarons form without coming too close, they might be able to form a Bose–Einstein condensate. This has led to a suggestion that bipolarons could be a possible mechanism for high temperature superconductivity. For example, they can lead to a very direct interpretation of the isotope effect.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolaron
Hoping this will be helpful,
Rafik
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