I've listen to many debates. However, I am yet to be convinced that digital technology helps those students who do not have the mental road map for thinking critically.
Digital technology is in its core logical and based in mathematics. I think by learning to use digital technology you also by necessity have to learn the logical interface, otherwise it will be difficult to interact with a digital medium. If your skill of interacting with digital medium gets stronger, it suggests that other related skills, such as logical/critical thinking and problem solving might get stronger at the same time.
that's a crucial and fundamental question, Compliments.
Probably, the most important aspect of digital technologies w.r.t. to Your topic, is represented by the "virtualization" and so by the immaterial dimension allowing humans, and especially Young people, to create, observe and critically analyze multiple scenarios of the same "problem" to be seen and understood through different potential solution.
We can make many examples just by being inspired by the daily life, from very simple situations up to more complex context of study, research, work, thinking, etc., such as in:
- editorial work shared and co-produced by many actors to finalize a publication, e.g. the local School's journal, and to find out the better version of a text/image contribution in order to narrate a fact, both historical and contemporary, and to find out the so called "neutral point of view" (i.e. = information democracy, information literacy, critical thinking, etc.); in those cases, human have the opportunity of "modelling", experimenting, experiencing and finally deciding, both individually and commonly, what could be the "perfect" version of a contribution and of a narration; without digital technologies, all this would be more heavy and slow to achieve, as in past times;
- collaborative/crowd-sourced mapping to map, understand, discuss and share, e.g., a solution for an urban/territorial new development, a new "social place" such as a square, a park near the local School, etc.; in those cases, humans have the opportunity to interact with the "prototype" of a technical, administrative, political, economic, sociological, etc. solution, in order to express and share their own opinion and will about the new development and related solution; especially for Young people, similar case study are fundamental for experiencing their own knowledge of the real world around them and their daily life, and for stimulating everyone's mind and sensibility towards social and cultural co-existence, cultural diversity, etc.;
- in STEM ambitus, it's not difficult to put in evidence the potential of digital technologies - or better of the socio-cultural knowledge and contents "translated" through digital technologies.. - in stimulating and supporting Young people in dealing with "problems" and analyzing them more critically to find out suitable solutions, above all, indeed, if it could happen within collaborative context.
Without going with other examples, the fundamental point is represented by the opportunity to "draft" (from emotion to sentiment, to ideas up to project) and understand (from consciousness to awareness) the multiple, different possible scenarios of our life and the real world.
Digital technology is too general a definition. Some of them (for example, digital modeling) can improve students' ability to think critically and formulate problems.