This is exactly what pragmatics refers to. In pragmatics, we study the real intent (or meanings) behind (or beyond) words.

For example, when entering a room and saying "it's rather hot in here", the real message that we are conveying is "can someone open the window / air conditioning?". I found this book interesting, in this respect:

Clark, Urszula. 2017. Studying Language: English in Action. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.

Also remember that communication presents a continuous feedback cycle. As you send messages out, you must constantly monitor replies to ensure that your audience is perceiving your communication as you intend. If not, you must adjust your communicative behavior.