Each specie has unique and peculiar characteristics and or properties. Therefore by training of the Artificial Neural network and generalization is achieved using different species; the ANN will identify any of such specie. However, it is important to note that ANN can not identify a specie it has not been trained with.
ANN, and many other classifiers, learns how to classify specimens through a "training set", which is a set of examples where an expert previously labeled the correct species.
This paper explains how some classifiers learn using a training set for bee species discrimination:
Thank you for the answers. So ANN can be useful if that particular organism's details are feed on it. Well, I would like to get more details on papers related to ANN in phtoplankton identification. Can anybody explain briefly.