How does a magnet levitate on a block of copper? If so, then can this phenomenon be used in the braking system found in automobiles or within other braking systems? Please provide examples if possible. Thank you. Happy New Year!
Happy New Year, Prof. Scott Mavers.
Metallic Cooper has some physical properties that make it to repel only strong magnetic fields.
There is one macroscopic experiment that shows all effects in one:
A Cooper conductor is exposed to a changing magnetic field. As the magnet drops inside the Cooper tube, the tube sees a changing magnetic field in time.
1. This H(t) induces a current (called eddy current) that creates another field that opposes the magnet motion.
2. The magnet does not stick to the tube (because is diamagnetic* see the screenshot from the video).
A YouTube video showing the experiment in 1.2 min:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0j2d8HjgY2k
*More elaborate: Cooper (Cu) has 3d10 4s1 the 3d shell is filled with 10 electrons, hereby by definition, this is a diamagnetic material that repels external magnetic fields. On the other hand, the 4s electron gives a very weak paramagnetic contribution (that attracts the magnetic field).
https://sciencedemonstrations.fas.harvard.edu/presentations/eddy-current-levitation
Each glyoxime acts as a monoanionc very similar to acetate ions and form neutral square planar complex. Here square planar geometry is dictated by the ligand frame work. Two oxime anionic sites (O-) interact with OH on diagonally opposite side of each oxime to establish O---H-O hydrogen bonds which make the molecule planar. Otherwise, nickel would have adopted tetrahedral geometry. This is an excellent example to show the influence of ligand framework and interactions such as hydrogen bonding on geometry of metal ions/atoms.
Best wishes
Balakrishna
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