For standard shape (Rectangular, circular) microstrip patch antenna, standard formulas are defined for calculating dimension but for other design how do we decide shape and its dimensions? Does shape is try and error?
Alisha Sharma there is no straight answer to it. Multiple factors are involved - antenna performance parameters, constraints of space, robustness, (and cost). Identifying these is the first step. Checking out various antenna types helps identify and modify from standard families. Hope it helps!
The physical length of a half-wave dipole is slightly less than half a wavelength due to end effect. The speed of propagation in coaxial cable is slower than in air, so the wavelength in the cable is shorter. The velocity of propagation of electromagnetic waves in coax is usually given as a percentage of free space velocity, and is different for different types of coax.
For any antenna design, the dimensions are related to the wavelength of the resonant frequency inside the material which should be chosen on depends of the application (for example flexible material or not).
However, for the shape, it is depends on the application. In general, circular shape is used for circular polarization used for reception mode.
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