Plants contain chlorophyll, a substance that absorbs solar radiation and thereby reduces the Albedo effect. Forests contain a greater amount of chlorophyll than, say, grasslands, so they affect local climate to a greater extent. Forest types adjust to the local climate and rainfall patterns, so one has Tropical Deciduous and Temperate Deciduous, Tropical Evergreen, etc, depending on local climate. Without forests, the 'shininess' of the area increases and rainfall reduces, leading to eventual desertification. The opposite happens when forests cover the area. So forests are linked to rainfall although they probably do not greatly affect rainfall patterns influenced by geography, eg, planting a tropical evergreen forest type in a zone where tropical deciduous forest grows might not be the best way to increase rainfall in the area....

Plants contain chlorophyll, a substance that absorbs solar radiation and thereby reduces the Albedo effect. Forests contain a greater amount of chlorophyll than, say, grasslands, so they affect local climate to a greater extent. Forest types adjust to the local climate and rainfall patterns, so one has Tropical Deciduous and Temperate Deciduous, Tropical Evergreen, etc, depending on local climate. Without forests, the 'shininess' of the area increases and rainfall reduces, leading to eventual desertification. The opposite happens when forests cover the area. So forests are linked to rainfall although they probably do not greatly affect rainfall patterns influenced by geography, eg, planting a tropical evergreen forest type in a zone where tropical deciduous forest grows might not be the best way to increase rainfall in the area....

Thanks peter for your contributions.

Benigno, thanks, I will read the links above.

In addition to the contribution of Peter, transpiration is a major factor contributing to precipitation. So the presence of forest cover increases the amount of humidity totoventually translate to cloud and rainfall/precipitation. Therefore, increase in forest cover will automatically increase precipitation.

The problem is more complex than it seems to be, and it can be understood from the plant-atmosphere interaction where chlorophyll explains a only a small part. This mechanism is more related to the energy balance (Qn = QE + QH + QS) at the site where transpiration plays a very important role, say for example the difference between a pasture and a forest is: the forest transpires more mainly because it has a greater leaf area than pasture. By replacing the forest for pasture (as energy is conserved) there is a drastic decrease in transpiration, therefore latent heat flux (QE) decreases and the sensible heat flux (QH) increases considerably. This mechanism, for example in an altitudinal gradient, may explain the decrease in rainfall in some levels, and the increase in others. Please see the following link https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263236209_Meso-scale_climate_change_in_the_central_mountain_region_of_Veracruz_State_Mexico

or you can see more information about in my section in ResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Victor_Barradas3

Chapter Meso-scale climate change in the central mountain region of ...

Thanks Victor for your answer. I will check the literature you have given.

Dear Colleagues and Friends from RG, Plants produce oxygen while also absorbing carbon dioxide, which is one of the main greenhouse gases. The reduction of the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is contributing to the reduction of the global warming process, which has been increasing in recent years. Therefore, the urgent need and importance of afforestation of civilization-degraded areas and reclamation of forest areas as part of the implementation of the principles of sustainable ecological development is growing.

In the context of increasing greenhouse gas emissions, progressing climate change and increasingly frequent weather anomalies and climatic disasters, the area and number of landscape parks, wooded areas, city parks, etc. should be increased. However, in addition to the monocultural forest cultivated for logging, wooded areas should also be increased using a species biodiversity model of the forest ecosystem.

When designing, planting and developing wooded areas according to the species biodiversity model of the forest ecosystem, ecologically developed forests should be created towards a forest resembling natural forest forests characterized by a high level of species biodiversity and biological balance. In this type of biodiverse, ecological forest ecosystems there are no infestations with viral, bacterial and fungal diseases, and pest infestations in the form of insects attacking certain species of trees appear to a slight degree.

The reason for the minimal stand loss due to infrequently occurring infestations with viral, bacterial, fungal and harmful diseases is the high level of biological balance occurring in forest forests similar in condition and species structure to natural biological forest ecosystems occurring in specific climate zones. In these types of species-diverse forest ecosystems, the costs of forestry care for maintaining this type of forest sites are also lower, because less chemical means of protecting stands are used. In this way, by developing species-diverse forest ecosystems, ecological forest management develops, referring to the natural biological forest ecosystems found in specific climate zones.

The importance of this issue has been growing in recent years due to the increasingly frequent climate disasters. The costs of this type of processes may vary significantly depending on the type of risk of climate disasters, technology used, economy, climate zone, raw material costs, market price of certain species of wood obtained from forested areas, costs of remediation degraded by civilization and after a forest catastrophe and specific afforestation It is therefore important to develop a universal model for estimating this type of costs, i.e. building a multifactorial model, taking into account various factors of change, including issues of the type of risk of climate disasters, technology used, economy, climate zone, costs of raw materials, market price of specific species wood obtained from forested areas, costs of remediation degraded in terms of civilization and after a climatic catastrophe of forest area and afforestation with specific tree species, etc.

In my opinion, afforestation is necessary due to the increasing greenhouse gas emissions and the ongoing global warming process, and should be developed on a massive scale in all climate zones, wherever it is geographically and climatically possible, including in post-industrial environments and in urban agglomerations . In addition, afforestation should use a model of an ecological forest characterized by high biodiversity, including the use of many different species of trees and shrubs, i.e. a model of afforestation referring to the natural biological ecosystems of the forest forest typical for a specific climate zone.

Best wishes

Dariusz Prokopowicz

Interest..Thanks Dariusz Prokopowicz for your interest comment

As trees grow, they absorb and store the carbon dioxide emissions that are driving global heating. New research estimates that a worldwide planting programme could remove two-thirds of all the emissions from human activities that remain in the atmosphere today, a figure the scientists describe as “mind-blowing”.