NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs also called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents/analgesics (NSAIAs) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs), are a drug class that groups together drugs that provides analgesic (pain-killing) and antipyretic (fever-reducing) effects, and, in higher doses, anti-inflammatory effects.
Dera Ali,
There is no clear mechanism for sodium and water retention caused by NSAIDs but we have to know that Long-term administration of NSAIDs has resulted in renal papillary necrosis and other renal injury. Since, most of NSAIDS formulations contain sodium, this should be considered in patients whose overall intake of sodium must be severely restricted.
Have a nice day
Dear Ali,
NSAIDs are inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2, and by doing so they decrease prostaglandin formation. In the kidney, where the major form is PGE2, this decrease will potentially cause sodium retention, as well as water retention and increased renal vascular resistance. This is one of the mechanisms NSAIDs (specially those who favor COX-2) may cause hypertension and also counteract diuretic effectiveness of loop diuretics and chlortalidone.
Other references you may find interesting:
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/30/3/664.long
http://ajprenal.physiology.org/content/234/6/F490
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1885103/
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1113/expphysiol.1982.sp002652/pdf
Cheers,
Ludmyla.
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