Dear Ahmadreza Afraz ,

XPS or UPS are very useful to know the constituent elements and their ionic states of a composite. You can find lots of key information about the material. Suppose you are doing XPS of TiO2 nano tubes and you can find there are two prominent peaks with binding energies 459 eV and 464.3 eV. These actually respectively represent Ti 2p3/2 and Ti 2p1/2 states. These actually in turn indicate towards the presence of +4 oxidation state of Ti in TiO2. However, if find some little humps around the Ti 2p3/2 base, those will correspond to the presence of Ti +3 state, because of oxygen vacancies. You may know more by reading the article: ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b00519.

Dear Alfraz,

In order to answer Your queston by Yourself, please, read the literature concerning XPS Qualification and Quantificatin Analysis in the case of small elements concentrations. Also it is the need to look through tge ASTM standards for such XPS experiments and XPS background subtraction models for tge proper spectra processing. If tgere will be particular questions I think that Colleagues will help You with consulting...

There are a lot of literature for that. The most power fulknowledges are what You will collect by Youself.

Regards,

Dmitry

Dear Colleague Afraz,

X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS was used to investigate the chemistry at the surface of the samples. The basic mechanism behind an XPS instrument is that  the photons of a specific energy are used to excite the electronic states of atoms at and just below the surface of the sample.

There are several areas suited to measurement by XPS:

1. Elemental composition

2. Empirical formula determination

3. Chemical state

4. Electronic state

5. Binding energy

6. Layer thickness in the upper portion of surfaces

XPS has many advantages, such as  it is is good for identifying all but two elements, identifying the chemical state on surfaces, and is good with quantitative analysis. XPS is capable of detecting the difference in chemical state between samples. XPS is also able to differentiate between oxidations states of molecules.

XPS  has also some limitations, for instance, samples for XPS must be compatible with the ultra high vacuum environment.  XPS is limited to measurements of elements having atomic numbers of 3 or greater, making it unable to detect hydrogen or helium. XPS spectra also take a long time to obtain. The use of a monochromator can also reduce the time per experiment. 

Hope this helping

Have a very good day

Thanks for your expert answers.

Best regards.

You are very welcome

Have a good day

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to characterize quantitative and qualitative analysis of nanomaterials.  The oxidation state and co-ordination of heteromatel atoms can be analyzed using this method.

Dear Prof, Please suggest some of the reference books to refer about XPS and UPS analysis Methods. 

 Dear Babu,

Please find the attached lecture titled "Characterization of solid catalysts 3. XPS" by 

Prof drJ W (Hans) Niemantsverdriet, Schuit Institute of Catalysis

It is a part from his book "Spectroscopy in Catalysis"

Hope this helping

Thanks

Ahmed

Dear Ahmad,

it is a surface analysis (ca. 10 nm) based of photoelectric effect.  Determines the energy of electrons with variable binding energies . Binding energies and peaks shapes in XPS is related to the work function and indentity of species. Hence, providing the local compositions (qualitative/quantitative) as well as oxidation  state of species present in your sample. Please note that it is a surface technique and can be utilized to determine the thickens of nano materials as well (depth profiling). Hope you find it helpful.

All the best

http://srdata.nist.gov/xps/DataDefinition.aspx 

This above link may helpful to you...

Good day

Perhaps, it would be useful the following reference:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257184110_XPS_analysis_of_nanostructured_materials_and_biological_surfaces

Have a nice day

Kind Regards

Article XPS analysis of nanostructured materials and biological surfaces