Hi Prashant, although I did not  do much of doping here are my suggestions (clarification):

Na might have formed other binary or ternary compounds alongside CZTS (check if you get other compounds apart from CZTS);

You commented on the crystallinity of Na, do you get pure phase of CZTS  before doping? what does TEM say before and after doping

Probably there is excess of Na  than what is required, which makes Na replace more Cu sites instead of repairing the crystalline defects; did you vary Na concentration and study the effect?

Preparation steps and conditions;

Thanks for sharing your challenge and good luck

Hi Pierre,

Thank you for your reply. Yes, I have checked before doping. It (CZTS) is in pure kesterite form without any secondary phases. I have also varied concentrations of Na as well as source of Na. However, I still get Na peaks in XRD. 

Dear Prashant Ghediya,

Can you elaborate what sodium containing material it is that you observe in XRD and also the source of your sodium dopant. The CZTS system is notoriously complex and is already a multicomponent, multiphase system. The source of your sodium is key to phase behaviour.

Yours sincerely

Frederik C. Krebs

Dear Dr. Krebs,

Thank you for your valuable comments. Actually, we have followed your number of papers regarding ink printing of CZTS. I have tried different sources, likes, Sodium acetate, Sodium chloride (NaCl), Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as I have seen in literature that NaCl and NaOH is best suited in CZTS. The XRD shows two intense peaks along with CZTS : One (Major) at 31.61 and other at 45.46 2theta angle which is exactly match with structure of NaCl in XRD. Further, I changed the concentrations of all these salts (very low),  the results is same. XRD again shows exactly the same 2theta angle peaks in all the above sources. Any suggestions from your side?

Thanks,

With Regards,

Prashant