They categorized as primary and secondary. Regarding the effects on the respiratory system, microplastics may cause oxidative stress in the airways and lungs when inhaled, leading to respiratory symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, and shortness of breath due to inflammation and damage, as well as fatigue and dizziness due to a low blood oxygen concentration.
The chemical composition of the microplastics depends on what type of polymer it is. Like whether its polypropylene, polyethylene etc. Most of the polymer have chains of carbon atoms as their backbone and based on the purpose of which it is made the other components differs, including the additives used in it.
Now regarding the health implications, it differs on what organism and what organ the microplastic have been affected. Oxidative stress is a main health implication reported in several organisms.
The chemical constituents of the polymer, adsorption and absorption behaviour of MPs, transportation and interaction of MPs with other organic and inorganic pollutants make the MPs vary in their shape, size and chemical composition.
The health implications of MP depend on the direct and indirect ingestion of these polymers through food as well as other external factors such as wind, etc.
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