stricktly speaking, still there is no well knows standards to measure the intensity of climate change at global scale. This is because of the unavailabiltiy of data for long term at many locations of the world. Similalrly, the impact of climate change varies spatially as well as it has relation with the papulation density. I think you could think in the way that if due to climate change the affected papulation (you may include whole echo system as well) is more disturbed at location A due to x change as compared to location B due to the same change, i.e. x then intensity at location A is higher. This is one way to think but there could be many more depends you are stricktly link with the changes in meteorological parameters or the relation of climate change with other intenties.
In short, still I did not see any climate change intensity Index but maybe there are some researches but I think it may be at local scale.
Please follow the link below to one of my research paper which specifically deals with measuring and modelling climate change patterns. Hope some of the analysis and methods will be useful for you.
Climate as a statistical term reflects a relative stability of weather characteristics in the given (but limited) historical time period. Determination of this time period is related to the variability of climate parameters, but it is usually defined within 30 years. In other words, climate is an average state of the weather conditions at a given location within a limited time period. Therefore, climate change has often been concerned with averages of climate. However, even insignificant observed changes, exerting light effect on the average state (F(t)=0.50) of climate, has a noticeable impact on other distributional characteristics which are often more sensitive to ongoing changes and, what is important, may have a greater effects in the environmental and development context. So, comprehensive information on changing climate can give a probabilistic approach that suggests using the probability distribution P(X). Herewith the issue of climate change can be brought to comparing the probability distribution P’(X) and P’’(X) related to different time periods of climate evolution. We, for example, have introduced the Climate Risk Shift Index (CRSI) - a non dimensional parameter that represents the ratio of the numerical distribution characteristics calculated for two non overlapping time period of climate evolution. The designed index with its limits is a convenient tool for the examination and quantifying changing climate or individual events at any level of geographical generalization.