How can we identify oxygen vacancy in metal doped nanomaterials ?

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Kanniah RajKumar

Yes, thank you. What can we do?

If there no mossbauer active elements.

Yogesh Goswami

it can also be done with fluorescence spectra. presence of vacancy also initiate new peaks

Fei Tang

Actually，you can identify oxygen vacancy by EPR （electron paramagnetic resonance）technique.

Prof. Fei Tang,

I request you to suggest me a good paper to identify oxygen vacancy by EPR technique for metal doped semiconductors.