Dear Kumar,

I suggest the usual protocol for characterization:

1. Measurement of the magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature (curves ZFC-FC). These curves gives you information about formation of nanoparticles, size distribution, irreversibility temperature.

2. Measurements of magnetization as a function of the applied magnetic field and temperature. These curves give you information about coercitive field, saturation, remanence.

Good look

Pedrio

Dear Professor.,

I got it clearly, i am having good response in magnetic measurement results. i am middle difference between ZFC and FC curves. size (

Dear Raj Kumar,

you're writing you'having good results from both electron spectroscopy and magnetometry. Both types of experiments are non-trivial in terms of interpretation. So your statements evoke my curiosity and I wished I could see (some of) your data and interpretation and see whether I'd actually agree with you over this.

Whatever. In your case I assume that you think that Cu is the magnetic element. (Would be worth using experiments able to tell whether it actually is. There have been numerous erroneous assignments in the literature . ..) "dilute" then means that Cu is a foreign species in your host material and that compared to the density of unit cells its relative abundance is markedly smaller than unity. "dilute" and "magnetic" then refers to the situation that magnetic order is established despite the fact that the average distance between the magnetic sites is relatively large. So, if in your samples the Cu:Sn ratio is maybe of the order of just a few percent, then for me it would qualify as dilute.

Dear Professor.,

I Thankful for your response to my question.