As we know that transpiration rate very high than plant use water for photosynthesis its a need of time to reduce the water loss in atmosphere without reducing yield its need of time for future water shortage and rapidly increasing population of world its the duty of agriculture researchers work for humankind.
Dr. Ghulam Mustafa Laghari
Antitranspirants materials or chemicals can be used, which decrease the water loss from plant leaves by reducing the size and number of stomata. Nearly 99 per cent of the water absorbed by the plant is lost in transpiration. Antiranspirants and is any natural applied to transpiring plant surfaces for reducing water loss from the plant.
Different antitranspirants:
1. Metabolic inhibiter like phenyl mercuric acetate, some alkanyl succinic acids.
2. Growth retardant such as A.B.A. Cycocel.
3. Herbicides, fungicides
4. Salicylic acid.
5. Colourless plastics, silicon oil, wax or plastic.
6. White reflecting materials (e.g. Kaolin) emulsions or white wash.
Please see following paper:
http://www.agriinfo.in/?page=topic&superid=1&topicid=447
Dr. Malhotra has defined ''antitranspirants'' and their role in reducing water loss from the plants. He has also listed number of materials that may be used as antitranspirants. According to the mode of action, antiranspirants are classified into four types, viz.
1. Stomatal closing type: Most of the transpiration occur through the stomata on the leaf surface. Some fungicides like phenyl mercuric acetate (PMA) and herbicides like Atrazine in low concentration serve as antitranspirants by inducing stomatal closing. These might reduce the photosynthesis. PMA was found to decrease transpiration than photosynthesis.
2. Film forming type: Plastic and waxy material which form a thin film on the leaf surface and result into physical barrier. For example ethyl alcohol. It reduces photosynthesis eg. Tag 9; S - 789 foliate.
3. Reflectance type: They are white materials which form a coating on the leaves and increase the leaf reflectance (albedo). By reflecting the radiation, vapour pressure gradient and thus reduce transpiration. Application of 5% kaolin spray reduces transpiration losses. eg. Diatomaceous earth product (Celite), hydrated lime, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zincs sulphate etc.
4. Growth retardant: These chemicals reduce shoot growth and increase root growth and thus enable the plants to resist drought. They may also induce stomatal closure. Cycocel is useful for improving water status of the plant.
ok , as all our colleague say that antitranspiration, antireflectants or growth retardant also you can use chitosan where i used it with wheat and vigna and give me a good results specially on plant growth and yield as well as relative water content and osmotic adjustment
Dr. Kundu has described mode of action and has given the remaining reply
Root partial or alternate row irrigation has been in prectice for reducing transpiration without affecting water status in Vitis. In some other species there is a negative link between water quotient and crop yield but azimutal leaf angle and leaf size are useful breeding characters. The field use of chemicals for transpiration requires an economic evaluation and often the practice is limited to greenhouse crops.
Adequate Potassium fertilization also plays an important role in regulate transpiration process in plant
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