How to resolve the existence of microclimates in the country subject of these calculations? Is there any model for this kind of problems ?
This paper does not do what you are proposing, but it may lead to something of value...
Denholma, Paul and Robert M. Margolis. 2008. "Land-use Requirements and the Per-capita Solar Footprint for Photovoltaic Generation in the United States." Energy Policy 36(9):3531-3543. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508002796
For years folks have used shading data from orbit under known lighting conditions to estimate topology. It is possible to use the inverse of this process to take topographic data along with sun position to estimate variance in direct and indirect sunlight. This can be extended to microclimate by CFD techniques applied to the atmosphere.
http://www.google.co.nz/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CDQQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.ametsoc.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1175%2F1520-0450(1997)036%253C0141%253AMTSRUG%253E2.0.CO%253B2&ei=d98OUszsM82YiAethoCACg&usg=AFQjCNHu9wKE34LHj6zQlGzeVrjzIjdXRQ&sig2=voqlyB2EIFgW8-LuuAaQ0g&bvm=bv.50768961,d.aGc&cad=rja
Here is a 1997 [a[er from the American Meteorlogical Society that describes one approach to this topic.
Incident solar radiation can be mapped from the data of sunshine duration or satellite based cloud information (statistical method) or calculation using satellite based physical method. Numerous articles are downloadable from internet.
For serious applications, like energy policy making and regional development, you need solar resource maps (particularly of mean annual global and direct irradiance) obtained with the best methods using satellite-derived data. There are many commercial vendors offering such services now, but only a couple of them cover the whole globe.
The nominal spatial resolution (imposed by the satellite sensors) is currently about 4 km. This is the current limit up to which microclimatic features can be resolved. Interestingly, however, one vendor has developed a downscaling technique that takes terrain shading into account, so that a resolution of 90 m is now achievable. This high resolution is important in areas with complex topography (i.e., mountains). Below is a sample map of mean annual direct irradiance (DNI) for Namibia, to the development of which we collaborated last year.
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In addition to what I said above, it is also possible to use the WRF model to predict, nowcast or forecast solar irradiance at very high resolution, but it is not an easy proposition in practice. It should work well under relatively clear skies, but not too well under cloudy conditions.
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