Good question. Long term carbon be maintain in the agroecosystems/farms by application of more quantity of organic matter (sources such as compost, raw materials of the crops, debris etc.) every year. Be ensure less application of inorganic fertilizers as well. Also, application of natural booster like mannuring via goat/ships excretary materials, chicken litter may enhance more capital of carbon. Third, crop diversification and crop rotaion can also boost some set of carbon capital in the soil.
I think it can. In-fact, I think it the only practical method suggested so far. Not so much with increasing organic matter in the soil (like other suggest) because that can only increase OM so far and then stabilizes as it biodegrades at the same rate it is added. And if left for just a year without adding any organic matter it basely goes back to its original baseline organic content. But adding biochar (just carbon) it will last and can build up. The main reason I think this is the only practical method is because farm land is all over the place and people will -pay- for biochar for increasing the soil quality for growing plants. Other suggestions, like pumping CO2 underground or treating the oceans with limiting nutrients and such will cost tax dollars. Tax money for operating a system for drilling wells, fracturing the ground strata just to pump CO2 into the cracks will not be very popular when that money could be used to make bombs and fixing roads. But -selling- biochar to farmers to improve their soil makes a business out of it that takes organic materials and turns it into a profit.
Wow, most of these answers cannot be put into practice by the average farmer. I partially agree with Gillman and Shields, but totally disagree with the rest. On average, there are 20,000 to 80,000 kg of organic carbon (C org) per hectare in soils globally. Do you really think you are going to move that number up substantially through inputs without upsetting the overall biochemical and pH balance of the soil? Yes, soil organic matter must be increased globally, but the most practical way (and affordable) is by encouraging plant root exudates over long periods of time, such as three to five years initially. Biochar is just charcoal.
In my opinion, best way to sequester C for long term is through perennial trees, farming systems integrated. Because, the carbon has to be made to stay in passive pools for long term sink. Further, the resource management strategies like no tillage, crop rotation, cover crops, residue addition, mulching, bund plantation of perennial even in dry belts, and watersheds based agroforestry systems may serve as win win situation for semi arid tropics for carbon gain as per our experience. Thanks
MEASUREMENTS, measurements, measurements of the organic carbon AND radiocarbon dating of that soil carbon is one answer.
Remember, however, that all plowed agriculture releases carbon and reverses carbon sequestration...We are like angry termites, just wanting to get at that soil organic matter in the worst way-- either through plowing native grassland soils, draining and plowing of wetlands soil, or by letting loose our domesticated animals to nibble the organic matter down to dust worldwide.
In only 150 years of that action here in the arid West by the European invaders, has removed most of the organic matter in the top 5 cm of soil... so in places the soil has turned to stone. I was trying to get a two-liter soil sample from the hills of Stanford University recently, and it took three people with a hand-pick 20 minutes to get that sample, because with the organic matter gone, soil turned back to stone.
It is one thing to put carbon somewhere, but how long will it stay there, is what you can find out with radiocarbon dating.