In one of my research, I found that, there is an increase in the amount of pollution in the canals while increasing the size of villages and cities studied. This is a non-quantitative conclusion. How can I take advantage of the satellite images in estimating the size of population growth - Number of buildings - The average area of the building - Street areas - Cultivated areas and types of crops....etc.
You can get a quick overview by looking through satellite images of different years(if that is available) such as 2000, 2010 and 2019. Next step would be calculating the area of structured areas or newly built transportation networks and see how the changes occur. Transportation network would be important for you as it is plausibly correlated with the level of ambient air pollution.
Using the following techniques sounds:
- satellite imagery from Copernicus Earth Observation data/ The Copernicus Open Access Hub , Sentinel-1, Sentinel2 and Sentinel-3 user products (as alternative to collecting census data since it is significantly cheaper than traditional methods)
- Areal interpolation methods and statistical modeling methods
- classification techniques coupled with a graph based representation of the relevant imagery, where the “family size” is known, to build a classifier
- technology - based data source such as LiDAR point cloud and High Resolution Satellite Imagery(though costly and periodically unavailable).
- image from Google Earth for extraction of building footprint and population estimation coupled with volunteered geographic information (VGI), Open Street Map(OSM), and population estimation methods based on building height and number of floor estimates
Directly relevant web pages:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245440370_Population_Estimation_Methods_in_GIS_and_Remote_Sensing_A_Review
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-40131-2_25
https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XLII-2-W7/1181/2017/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W7-1181-2017.pdf
http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1866/paper_156.pdf
https://www.asprs.org/wp-content/uploads/pers/1975journal/jun/1975_jun_707-712.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/245440370_Population_Estimation_Methods_in_GIS_and_R
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230738894_Peri-Urban_to_Urban_Landscape_Patterns_Elucidation_through_Spatial_Metrics
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229826816_Empirical_patterns_of_the_influence_of_Spatial_Resolution_of_Remote_Sensing_Data_on_Landscape_Metrics
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