Mohd. Fahad In general, there are two types of electrodes:

Self-standing electrodes: Since these electrodes integrate current collectors (e.g., carbon cloth and nickel foam) with active materials, they can be directly cut into desired shapes and connected to electrochemical workstation for tests.

Powder electrodes: The electrodes are usually composed of active materials blended with polymer binders (e.g., PVdF) and conductive additives (e.g., carbon black) pasted onto current collectors. Typically you need to mix active material:binder:conductive additive with a ratio of 90:5:5 into a blend, and paste the blend onto a piece of current collector. Afterwards, dry the paste in an oven and connect the electrodes to electrochemical workstation for tests.

Mohd. Fahad In general, there are two types of electrodes:

Self-standing electrodes: Since these electrodes integrate current collectors (e.g., carbon cloth and nickel foam) with active materials, they can be directly cut into desired shapes and connected to electrochemical workstation for tests.

Powder electrodes: The electrodes are usually composed of active materials blended with polymer binders (e.g., PVdF) and conductive additives (e.g., carbon black) pasted onto current collectors. Typically you need to mix active material:binder:conductive additive with a ratio of 90:5:5 into a blend, and paste the blend onto a piece of current collector. Afterwards, dry the paste in an oven and connect the electrodes to electrochemical workstation for tests.

For basic electrolytes you can use current collectors such as Nickel foam (pre-cleaned) and stainless steel. For neutral and acidic electrolytes you can use graphite sheets (pre-cleaned) as current collectors. Also, PVDF is appropriate binder for acidic and neutral electrolytes but decomposes in alkaline electrolytes.

Namrata Deka

What is the appropriate binder in case of using acidic and neutral electrolyte?

Dalia M Elgendy,

As I have already mentioned PVDF is appropriate binder (5 wt%) in case of acidic and neutral electrolyte. For alkaline electrolyte PTFE is preferred.

Dear Mohd. Fahad,

I am herewith attaching some literatures, which will help you for the supercapacitor electrode preparation.

All the best.

Article Eco-friendly synthesis of porous graphene and its utilizatio...

Article Facile solvothermal synthesis and high supercapacitor perfor...

I have some related notes in:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_porosity_and_surface_area_affect_supercapacitor_performance_and_other_electrochemical_applications#view=5d4d37a6f8ea526c703bb91b