I have isolated two endophytic bacterial strains with potential of promoting plant growth. How can I determine if the bacterial strains are safe to humans and the environment? Your response will be highly appreciated.
Rudoviko Galileya Medison There are two possible ways after you identify your isolates:
1) experimental - first step, testing for toxic/pathogenic effect for protozoa, algae, Crustacea, nematodes, second step - for mice, rats (official test for toxic effect);
2) prediction of possible pathogenic features based on genome analysis, and if the genome looks safe, further experimental testing.
Phil Geis I do not know any validated protocol, but it is one of main targets in recent research.
Look at:
Stevens, Eric L., et al. "Use of whole genome sequencing by the federal interagency collaboration for genomics for food and feed safety in the United States." Journal of Food Protection 85.5 (2022): 755-772.
Rantsiou, Kalliopi, et al. "Next generation microbiological risk assessment: opportunities of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for foodborne pathogen surveillance, source tracking and risk assessment." International journal of food microbiology 287 (2018): 3-9.
Gerner-Smidt, Peter, et al. "Whole genome sequencing: bridging one-health surveillance of foodborne diseases." Frontiers in Public Health 7 (2019): 172.
Nadon, Celine, et al. "PulseNet International: Vision for the implementation of whole genome sequencing (WGS) for global food-borne disease surveillance." Eurosurveillance 22.23 (2017): 30544.
and
Abriouel, Hikmate, et al. "The controversial nature of the Weissella genus: technological and functional aspects versus whole genome analysis-based pathogenic potential for their application in food and health." Frontiers in Microbiology 6 (2015): 1197.
Phil Geis PS: at least for plant pathogens I found that T3SS/T3E is not a factor that can differentiate pathogen vs. saprophyte
Dear Phil Geis Alex Ignatov thank you so much for your timely answers. Your suggestions help a lot. Best regards
Rudoviko Galileya Medison
Some Biosafety Tests and ecotoxicity in silico prediction are provided in these publications, may be useful for your investigation:
Vílchez, J.I., Navas, A., González-López, J., Arcos, S.C. and Manzanera, M., 2016. Biosafety test for plant growth-promoting bacteria: Proposed environmental and human safety index (EHSI) protocol. Frontiers in microbiology, 6, p.1514.
Giménez, M., Batista, S., Castro-Sowinski, S. and Morel, M.A., 2023. Bioassays and in silico prediction of ecotoxicity of the soil bacterium Delftia sp. JD2. Environmental Sustainability, pp.1-12.
Vílchez, J.I., Lally, R.D. and Morcillo, R.J.L., 2017. Biosafety evaluation: a necessary process ensuring the equitable beneficial effects of PGPR. In Advances in PGPR research (pp. 50-74). Wallingford UK: CABI.
Barros-Rodríguez, A., Rangseekaew, P., Lasudee, K., Pathom-Aree, W. and Manzanera, M., 2020. Regulatory risks associated with bacteria as biostimulants and biofertilizers in the frame of the European Regulation (EU) 2019/1009. Science of the Total Environment, 740, p.140239.
Dear Danial Shokouhi thank you for your help. I will utilize these materials. Best
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