i am wonder why you are worried about its design while these are available in markets????
Dear Iman,
Dr Shah is right, generally its not possible to design/ fabricate the autoclave yourself in lab up to useable safety standard.
These autoclaves are designed and fabricated in special labs and have to satisfy many ASTM standards for both material and design perspective before can be safely used. Remember its not only the high temperature you are dealing with but the high pressure (which is more dangerous in some cases).
I myself had an incident during in situ hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles where we had an autoclave burst, it was a like a bang (may be we were too excited to see the crystal evolving and changing phases in situ using EDXRD and increased the process temperature higher than safe limits). We were lucky that we were not close to the autoclave, as we were working in special synchrotron lab and the hydrothermal process was conducted in a closed room due to safety reasons (high energy radiation).
Now if you asked this question because you just have a design project/ course to design the autoclave on paper then you definitely need more specifications such as required pressure range, materials to be used in autoclave (remember some materials cause faster corrosion than others), maximum volume/ range and so on. All these parameters will then help you to decide the autoclave material to be used, its thickness, dimensions, design and fittings (including liners such as PTFE for corrosive materials).
Wish you all the best.
Rehan
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