For a project, I need to somehow attach a heparin-based solution to a gold surface.

Since, I want to study the characteristics of that particular solution, I cannot functionalize the heparin. All I can do is on the gold surface.

Since both gold and heparin are highly negatively charged, ionic interactions are also not an option.

Are there any methods that can alter the gold surface in a way that it can attach to heparin?

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