Achieving a distance of 15 cm between the lines of wheat has been found to result in a maximum flag leaf area compared to distances of 20 cm and 25 cm. The flag leaf is the uppermost leaf on the wheat plant, and its size plays a crucial role in photosynthesis and overall plant productivity.

By spacing the wheat plants at a distance of 15 cm between the lines, the plants have sufficient access to light, air, and nutrients, which promotes optimal growth and development. The closer proximity of the plants at this spacing allows for better light interception and utilization, leading to an increased photosynthetic capacity. This, in turn, facilitates greater assimilation of carbon dioxide and the production of carbohydrates, ultimately contributing to the development of larger and more productive flag leaves.

In contrast, wider distances of 20 cm and 25 cm between the lines of wheat result in reduced light interception and competition for resources among the plants. The plants spaced further apart receive less direct sunlight, which can negatively impact photosynthesis and, consequently, the growth of the flag leaf. Additionally, the wider spacing may lead to inefficient use of available nutrients and water, further limiting the potential for maximum flag leaf area.

Therefore, based on empirical evidence, maintaining a closer distance of 15 cm between the lines of wheat has been observed to optimize the growth and development of the flag leaf, ultimately maximizing the plant's photosynthetic capacity and overall productivity.

please Can help with a scientific source or research to support this explanation and idea with my appreciation

Bashar Jasim The flag leaf area should not be considered without analysis of other biometric plant traits, especially number of stalks and area of other leaves. Wheat plant standing alone often has smaller flag leaf comparing to lower leaves.