The emission objective in the OPF problem is to minimize the total emissions of pollutants from a power system. This is done by adding an emission penalty term to the objective function of the OPF problem. The emission penalty term is a function of the emissions of each pollutant, and it is typically set to a high value so that the optimizer will try to minimize emissions as much as possible.
The emission penalty term can be expressed as follows:
EmissionPenalty = f(NO2, CO2, ...)
where f is a function that maps the emissions of each pollutant to a single penalty value. The specific form of the function f will vary depending on the pollutants being considered and the desired level of emissions reduction.
The emission objective can be incorporated into the OPF problem as follows:
min f(NO2, CO2, ...) + Pg
If the objective function contains conflict interest; i.e. if you minimize cost emission will increase, if you minimize emission cost will increase, then it can be tackled by multi-objective solution methodologies, you must read few papers on pareto-optimality, weighted sum method.
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