the ladder is separating and there is no specific pcr product and no primer dimer so I would assume that you are osing too much genomic dna in your pcr (high MW smear on gel) but the pcr has failed so I woould check the quantity and quality of your template dna. There is no problem with the gel as the ladder is running well with visible bands

Hi Aweza！

Based on the gel electrophoresis results, the marker exhibits smearing, and the target gene did not migrate properly. This may be attributed to issues with the electrophoresis buffer. It is recommended to ensure that the buffer is not used for more than three electrophoresis runs, as repeated use may compromise its buffering capacity. Additionally, the agarose gel should be freshly prepared, ensuring that the buffer level sufficiently covers the gel. The electrophoresis voltage can be adjusted to a lower setting (e.g., 80V) to optimize separation. It is advisable to first ensure proper marker migration before addressing issues related to the sample.

Hope this helpful. Feel free to reach out for more details.

Based on that image, you didn't get any amplification. Do you have a positive control you can include? What size band(s) were you expecting? Try diluting out the template DNA 1:10 and 1:100 to see if you have PCR inhibitors in the genome DNA samples.

And wait until the gel is completely solidified before you remove the combs, the wells are misshapen. That's why the ladder bands look a bit striated.

Good luck!

It seems that you have no amplification of any PCR-Product. You don't have a major problem with with the agarose gel itself, as the bands of your ladder are clearly separated. However, it looks like the quality of your template DNA is poor - if you have relative intact genomic DNA you should see a clear high molecular weight band. It also looks like as you have still a relative high amount of DNA in the well, what might indicate that your DNA is not very clean. Prepare new template DNA if possible and reduce the amount of template DNA in the reaction. Make sure to always include a positive control in your reaction (from which you know it will work fine on genomic DNA). Make sure you have the correct primers - I don't know want to you want to amplify but I have seen relativly often that people try to use primers on genomic DNA which are designed to amplify cDNA sequences.

Hope this helps