You will find a lot of empirical support for this type of question in the behavior analysis literature. One topic is the generalization of behavior; for example, behavior may occur in one setting, but it may not in another. That may happen regardless of whether or not a certain behavior has been trained or taught. There are procedures that need to be carried out to ensure that the behavior generalizes to other settings. Here is a citation that may help get you started:

Mace, F.C., & Nevin, J.A. (2017). Maintenance, generalization, and treatment relapse: A behavioral momentum analysis. Education and Treatment of Children, 40(1), 27-42.

William T. Miller Thank you for your recommendation. It was a good start to look at this topic. Many examples are case studies, yet it is worth to cite if I do not find any other research designs.

Joseph L. Mahoney Thank you for the articles. The first one is related to more social settings like neigbourhoods than research settings, but the second one looks a good review about context matters in child studies.

I believe Lennon & Eisenberg (around 1984) reported differences in children's empathy depending on whether it was self-reported on paper, interview, or observed. They were looking at sex differences and those differences were larger when self-reported.

Am yet to come across any article on the said subject but it will be interesting if you can send me one.

THANK YOU

Abdulmumin Abioye I have made a list of papers which were recommended by other researchers. Hope that helps for you and anyone who are interested.

1. Mace & Nevin (2017). Maintenance, Generalization, and Treatment Relapse: A Behavioral Momentum Analysis: There is focus on “generalization of behaviour”. It gives examples of case studies.

2. Singh et al. (1991). Social Behavior of students who are seriously emotionally disturbed: A quantitative analysis of intervention studies: It is a review of children and adolescents’ studies across different research settings.

3. Wahler & Vigilante (2004). Generalization in a child's oppositional behavior across home and school settings.

4. Wulbert et al. (1974). The generalization of newly acquired behaviors by parents and child across three different settings - A study of an autistic child

5. Waddington et al. (2017). Teaching a Child with ASD to Approach Communication Partners and Use a Speech-Generating Device Across Settings: Clinic, School, and Home

6. Strouse & Troseth (2008). "Don't try this at home": Toddlers' imitation of new skills from people on video: This study works in lab, but not at home.

7. Saunders et al. (2018). Reported Self-Control is not Meaningfully Associated with Inhibition-Related Executive Function: A Bayesian Analysis: It is an adult study; not sure this is what we are looking for.

8. It was recommended that I should look at self-report vs behavioural discrepancies and emotional clarity.

9. Iris Mauss’s studies on self-conscious emotion (e.g. shame) and psychophysiology were recommended.

10. Patricia Bauer’s studies on infant memory were recommended.

11. Eisenberg & Lennon (1983). Sex differences in empathy and related capacities: It shows differences in empathy depending on self-report, interview, or observed.

12. Schieler, Koenig & Buttelmann (2018). Fourteen-month-olds selectively search for and use information depending on the familiarity of the informant in both laboratory and home contexts

13. Light & Perret- Clermont (1989). Social context effects in learning and testing. Published in J.-A. Sloboda (Ed.). Cognition and Social Worlds pp. 99-112

14. Schubauer-Leoni et al. (1989). Problems in assessment of learning: The social construction of questions and answers in the scholastic context