As the main research parts including, the abstracts, introduction, literature review, research methodology, research findings, discussions, reccommendation and conclusions. So, What does it mean by tenses (a set of forms taken by a verb to indicate the time).
Abdelmoiz Ramadan check page 12 of Preprint A Graduate's Handbook for Writing High-Quality Thesis (1st Edition)
this handbook to learn what tenses are acknowledged for different chapters.
Present before the research, past after the research. I strongly suggest you change it as you go.
Dear Abdelmoiz Ramadan,
There are three things that you need to consider.
1. Interpreting Literature
2. Conducting a study
3. After the results of the study
In every aspect above, it would be wise to use present tense rather than using the past tense - even to explore the literature because such literature is currently available in your hand. Thus, from a safe side, it would be good to have present tense in sentencing.
When you come to the expected future event or outcome to occur, that should be presented with future tense like "that will/would happen as the result of this finding".
However, there are different views that the sentences should be presented in past tense. Just read some from the following link.
https://www.ultimateproofreader.co.uk/blog/right-usage-of-tenses-in-dissertations
Hope this will help you. Good luck with your studies.
Regards,
S. Senthilnathan.
Some parts require past tense, some present and others need future tense.
The guidance as per the following publications and link (see some more discussions and recommended publications) may further help:
- Day, R. A. (1998) How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper.5th edn. Phoenix, Arizona: The Oryx Press.
- Day, R. A. and Sakaduski, N. (2011) Scientific English: A Guide for Scientists and Other Professionals.Third edn. California: Greenwood.
- Evans, D., Gruba, P. and Zobel, J. (2014) How to Write a Better Thesis. Third edn. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
- Hengl, T. and Gould, M. (2002) Rules of thumb for writing research articles, International Institute for Geo-information science and Earth Observation (ITC), Enschede, pp. 1-9.
- Parija, S. C. and Kate, V. (2018) Thesis Writing for Master's and Ph.D. Program. Gateway East, Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
- Wallwork, A. (2013) English for Research: Usage, Style, and Grammar. New York: Springer.
- Which tenses are used in writing literature review?: https://www.researchgate.net/post/Which_tenses_are_used_in_writing_literature_review
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