The following list includes free math software and tools together with the corresponding descriptions and download sites.
Operating systems:
Scientific Linux: A linux distribution put together by Fermilab and CERN. Freely available from
http://www.scientificlinux.org/
Ubuntu Linux: A Linux distribution, easy to install and freely available from
http://www.ubuntu.com/
Debian: Perhaps the best Linux distribution.
http://www.debian.org/
DesktopBSD:
A freeBSD distribution easy to use which can be tested through a live DVD. Freely available from
http://www.desktopbsd.net/
BSD: Several Unix distributions.
http://www.junauza.com/2009/04/5-best-bsd-distributions.html
Applications for symbolic calculus.
wxMaxima:
Calculus with a graphic interface. Freely available from
http://sourceforge.net/projects/wxmaxima/
Axiom: Similar to the preceding one.
http://axiom-developer.org/
Euler: id.
http://euler.sourceforge.net/
Scilab: id.
http://www.scilab.org/
octave: id.
http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/
Gap: Computational discrete algebra,
http://www.gap-system.org/
R: Statistics
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(programming_language)
PSPP: Statistics
http://www.gnu.org/software/pspp/
haskell: Pure and lazy functional programming language with an interpreter.
http://hackage.haskell.org/platform/
Astronomy:
Stellarium: Free astronomy appl.
http://www.stellarium.org/
Star charts: Free star charts PDF files.
http://www.midnightkite.com/starcharts.html
Math graphics:
Gnuplot: To build any graphic in 2D or 3D. Freely available from
http://www.gnuplot.info/
DISLIN: A graphical library, easy to use.
http://www.dislin.de/
Word processors:
TexMacs: WYSIWYG editor with a graphical interface, by means of which one can type scientific texts, and export them in PDF, PS, HTML, LaTeX formats. Freely available from
http://www.texmacs.org/
Lyx: Similar to the preceding one.
http://www.lyx.org/
Miktex: A complete LaTeX distribution for Windows. Freely available from
http://miktex.org/
TexMaker: A LaTeX editor: Freely available from
http://www.xm1math.net/texmaker/
TeXniccenter: Another powerful LaTeX editor for Windows OS.
http://www.texniccenter.org/
Kile: Another LaTeX editor.
http://kile.sourceforge.net/
TexShop: A LaTeX distribution and editor for Mac OS X. Freely available from
http://pages.uoregon.edu/koch/texshop/
Texlive: A LaTeX distribution for Linux and Unix OS'.
http://www.tug.org/texlive/
Open Office: A package similar to Microsoft Office:
http://www.openoffice.org/